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is that Miss Youlus? Tell me, Is there a relationship? And how close is the relationship between the the riots, the revolts of, uh of these years save the last four years and the historic revolts of the 1919, 20 and 21? There's a relationship in that there's

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a molester, but there's a distinct difference in that. I think what characterizes the revolt of the 19th 19 era was that it was people against people, whereas the more recent revolts are people against the symbols of authority and oppression. And I think that's the major difference.

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In the earlier period, it was whites against blacks. For the most part. In this period, it's blacks against the symbols of authority and no pressure against the establishment. Really Well, now when then I can determine from that that when the black youth burned down a piece

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of property, they are in fact at property rather than that personal. That's how I see it. Very, very interesting. And if you look at the statistics of the more recent revolt, the casualty list is more often than not the re Volker's Ah, rather than the representatives

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of authority. I know you've done work in that 1919 1920 and 21 riots area an era. Uh, did you find that that the whole society was standing against the blacks or that groups of people like the KKK or the White Citizens Council, which, you know, wasn't

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formed then? But just groups were standing against black groups. Mhm. It was the white have nots against the black Have not. And I tie this to World War One, the after effects of World War One. You know, the United States entered World War One rather late.

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And the in fact, there's a theory that, uh, the thirst for action was not sweated in World War one on the part of the American soldiers who went abroad to participate. And of course, this also marks the great period of migration mass migration of blacks from

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rural south to urban south and north. And so the war plants and the industries were manned, in essence, by the black, for the most part during World War One. And then the white and the blacks come home after World War One, where they fought to make

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the world safe for democracy. They find black occupying positions, the white spine blacks occupying the positions they formerly held, moving into neighborhoods they formerly did not occupy. And, uh, job scarcity, um, economic tension, economic molest. All of these factors characterized the era, and I think this

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has a lot to do. All of these factors have a lot to do with the fact that they have not, White said. About two, in essence, put the black back in what the White is considered to be their proper place. I see now where their games

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made. I mean palpable games, tangible gains made out of those historic riots of the twenties. No, not really. Because there was no victory. Hi. The difference, I think. And the significant difference is that for the first time, American blacks fought back the earlier periods. In the

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19 3 rebellion in Atlanta, for example, the black passively, um, accepted the attack on the part of White, whereas in the post World War one period, the blacks, for the first time in our history, really stood on their feet and fought back against the attack. And

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as the black people began to assert themselves as they never had before in American history, the tension built The most classic case was the Chicago Riot, which began with a young black boy going swimming in that forbidden era era of the lake. And, as we know

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very often, even though there's no fine line drawn. One part of the lake was for black and one part of the lake whisper what? And this young boy dared to cross over to the forbidden area forbidden for blacks, And he was stoned by white as he

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swam, and it looked as though he was going to drown and an effort was made to rescue him. Then there was battling, going on on the beach between blacks and whites as the boy was in trouble out here. Mm hmm. And then the police got involved

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in the whole conflagration. The boy did drown by the way he did, he did drown. Now it was never proven whether he drowned because of a stone that may have hit him or whether he just frightened or whether he was tired. And that's still a big

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unknown. However, he did drown, and the Chicago riot rebellion revolt was the result. And as I said earlier, the difference between the riots of 1919 and the more recent riots of the sixties is that the 1919 era was people against people. Americans against Americans, blacks against

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whites, blacks actually fighting back against attacks by White. How would you explain the characteristic of riot following riots and a kind of chain reaction? Uh, way as we've seen it. One city goes up one day and three days later 10 cities are burning. How would you

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explain that? Well, there was a study done by a young man at Pennsylvania University of Pennsylvania. I've forgotten his name. However, he did a historical study of urban rebellions, and there are certain characteristics that dominates. One is they usually take place. These resilience take place during

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the peak of the heat. The hot season. They usually take place on weekends. Mhm. So the temperatures, the meat. In fact, he traced the mean temperature, and it usually was around 86 degrees. The mean temperature, which means more often than not. It was high humidity and

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high temperature, usually on the weekends when people are idle and certainly poor people in in in disadvantaged communities are idle. They're not on the golf course for on their boat. They're sitting idly in their communities, and the lead thing may trigger an explosion. Now, the other

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characteristics and this historical tracing was that more often than not, the explosion was triggered by police authorities acting in a fashion which was viewed as oppressive and unfair on the part of the disadvantaged people. So if there's any linkage, and I think this still holds true

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with the exception of the rebellions that followed the assassination of Dr Martin Luther King, But they more often than not take place in late, hot, humid summer. Uh huh, Uh huh. Black hammer. Mhm. Mhm.

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You know? Hi. Yeah. No, of course not. Yeah. Go. Yeah, but hey, Alan, there's something wrong. Well, there you go. Let me know when you're rolling. Okay? I'm moving. Don't have anybody in there yet. What happened? You got no. Oh, Mary. Game idea.

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Yeah. This is the new site of the Watch Cultural Center. Yes, and it will. How far will it take in from those cars? The whole It's safe. What was here before? Commercial buildings that were burned out during the August rebellion in 1965. And as you can

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see, there's been very little rebuilding since I see that the new cultural center will be built with a grant from HUD matched by the city of Los Angeles. That's housing and urban development, the Western regional administrator of her Bob tip down here Thursday of last week

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for the dedication of the new cider. Yeah, this is the old building, the old What's happening? Coffeehouse. Yes, What was it originally? It was a furniture warehouse owned by Nat Diamond was well known in these parts has been condemned, and the city has allowed the group

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to fund the institute in the What's Happening coffeehouse to stay there until the new facility is built here across the street. In this empty lot, I speak. There was some great artwork done in here. Oh yes, they have poetry and jazz seminars and the Fundy Mummers,

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the drama group, puts the swinging place swinging. Place is going to be happening across the street. That's right. It'll have filmmaking, drama, arts and crab Complete Cultural center. Marvelous. Thank you, otherwise known as release, otherwise known as really the Department of Public and Social Services, otherwise

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known as really they too, dependent Children, the blind and the infirm and so on and one of the new buildings in the area, Mary Jane, they used to. I mean, people who were on relief in this area used to have to go five or six or

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10 miles, isn't it? This is a part of the results of, uh, burning cities burning buildings. Many new facilities are being brought into the formerly neglected communities, such as that doctors building across the street and the concentrated employment project, which, as you see, is a joint

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project, the California State Department of Employment and Economic and Youth Opportunities Agency of Los Angeles. This is an effort to reduce the importance of the Department of Public and Social Services down the street and make people more self sufficient by training and job placement, in contrast

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to the dilapidated buildings and vacant lots outside. As the Reverend Brown said, here's an example of community pride. The philosophy being brainpower is manpower. Hey, I don't want on the bathroom. Thanks. Wow, What's happening in Watson's

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represented right there? These are indigenous organizations that grew out of the explosion of people who were determined to assert their own pride, their own identity. But as far as the larger society is concerned. Nothing's happening. Mhm. Well, the national coming out or what media

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you feeling? Yeah. Okay. Right there. Okay. What? Well, I'm a writer, and that's really what you want, right? Like I was telling, that was that's the rich. And like he said this, you know, the land. This is a revolution. This is the problem here. We ain't

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got no land. Yeah, we're just sitting on it. Yes, that is this guy. I don't get to give us a Cadillac. We just drive right on the way. You still ain't got nothing. Nothing solid. They ain't got you laying. And that's what he was talking to.

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My brother? No. 50 days. I ain't no trying to float you anything like this shit like it is because I ain't no actor, Mr Brother. That's it. So I don't know what's all this, because I ain't. You saw Malcolm telling us to do About what? What

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Brother Malcolm telling us to do about it on this all on our own blackness. And know what blackness is and for real. But look at the revolution, right? Ain't nothing new that's been going on. You see it on TV. every day, Hop along Cassidy with the

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White Hawks and thank you know and pronto. Hey, you know, What about Superman? Why you got to be flying around? You know, White, I'll be now 19 sixties. The black community is asserting itself. It is determined to make its own determination. Self determination is the key

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phrase. I'm I'm impressed personally by walking down the street in 1968 the same streets I could have walked down in 1958 1948 even 1938 with my hair natural and a piece of African cloth in my address or wearing a piece of African Clause in those years,

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decades one decade ago, I would have been laughed at. I have been laughter. I have been ridiculed and, in fact, denied. But today, in 1968 as I walk down the street in the black community in Water 68 with Miss Hewitt with her beautiful hair beautiful and

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with in an African cloth from Ghana, I'm met on the street by people who say sister, welcome, sister. Welcome. And I see the psychological advance that has been made since 1965 and I'm thrilled by it. Can you say the same? Yes, indeed. And this This is

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the point. I'm making that the change is in the self determination, the increasing black pride. But without some economic and political progress, I'm afraid that the black pride will come to naught eventually. And increasingly, we are seeing signs that a part of the black pride is

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this determination to control our own economics and our own institutions within our black community.