00:00:15.000 - 00:00:32.830

the general manager of K R O N T. V. San Francisco. Mr. Harold PC. The film, which you are about to witness, is one of the 12 non entertainment public service programs produced weekly in length of 30 or 60 minutes by Koron TV channel for San

00:00:32.830 - 00:00:54.910

Francisco. It is a kinescope version off the original combined film and videotape program. The kinescope process introduces deterioration of quality and therefore this viewing print does not represent the broadcast quality of the original production. The rights to this film specifically prohibit its use for broadcast without

00:00:54.920 - 00:01:19.260

the express permission of Koron TV. The management of Koron TV hopes you will derive some benefit from this presentation and we solicit your comment. Okay, Brazen Explorer of the unknown Ever seeking new worlds to conquer man now prepares to breach the ultimate frontier outer space. The

00:01:19.260 - 00:01:34.440

stellar world of infinity today the Buck Rogers fictions of a generation ago are the new reality of our age of space. But one of man's own life is his genius points in toward interplanetary travel. What is the terrestrial way of life that man chooses for himself?

00:01:36.440 - 00:01:50.760

Assignment for a weekly report to the West brought to you in the public interest by K. R. O N TV Tonight City of the Space Age A study of progress and stagnation on the peninsula where we're building the largest concentration of aerospace activities in the Western

00:01:50.760 - 00:02:07.400

world. Good evening, Craig Jordan, reporting Tonight we deal with a curious irony of our contemporary way of life. On the one hand, as we reported last week, we spend billions and invest our most brilliant brain power in our quest for the unknown frontiers of space. And

00:02:07.400 - 00:02:22.090

on the other hand, the cities we live in bear the archaic stamp of yesteryear. There's little evidence that our day to day lives would be greatly enriched. In this new age of space, we seem almost to ignore the fact that our rocket ships are launched out

00:02:22.090 - 00:02:40.210

of burgeoning slums and smog of the 20th century urban nightmare. How did it happen? Begin with Stanford University, October 18 91 the inauguration of Stanford's first president, David Starr. Jordan marched the beginning of a scientific revolution. It was Jordan who attracted the brilliant faculty that was

00:02:40.210 - 00:02:55.820

to have a profound influence in the pioneering of electronic 9 13 Emerson Street, Palo Alto in 1912, Dr Lee de Forest and two colleagues used a vacuum tube to amplify a signal, and electron ICS was born as radio evolved. Other wizards were work in this scientific

00:02:55.820 - 00:03:16.170

wonderland in a Stanford physics lab. In 1937 young Russell Varian discovered the tube, which makes microwave transmission possible. Today. This plant, located in the Stanford Industrial Park, is the largest producer of the tube, which created the $2 billion a year microwave industry. A year later, graduate

00:03:16.170 - 00:03:31.330

students William Hewlett and David Packard founded their famous company in a Palo Alto garage. It is now the world's largest maker of electronic measuring devices. In fact, 70 of the world's most important electron ICS firms are based here in the industrial center adjacent to the university

00:03:31.330 - 00:03:48.750

or nearby. Many of them are homegrown. Having come into being at the hands of students and professors, many of branches or subsidiaries of national firms, Philco has just expanded into a research complex of 19 buildings where 2300 are employed. The inventor of the famed Sidewinder guided

00:03:48.750 - 00:04:08.650

missile, 37 year old Dr Walter Labor's works here as director of engineering, almost a large is the Palo Alto research lab of Lockheed Missiles and Space Company. With Philco. Lockheed has produced the Midas and Sammo Sentinel satellites and that it's much larger production facility at nearby

00:04:08.650 - 00:04:26.510

Sunnyvale. Lockheed produces a Polaris missile for the Navy and the Agena missile, which powers the fantastically successful Air Force discoverer satellite. Siri's Lockheed's roots go back to a June day in 1913, when brothers Allan and Malcolm Lockheed, who lived his boys near Los Gatos, flew their

00:04:26.510 - 00:04:48.880

first plane, Ah, three place seaplane off the waters of the bay at the foot of San Francisco's Laguna Street. But despite our strides since 1913, the age of space is in its infancy. This 150 ft radio telescope overlooking Stanford campus points the way toward electronic space

00:04:48.880 - 00:05:09.250

probes of tomorrow. Dramatically emblematic of the school's leadership in the scientific realm is Project M, having pioneered the linear accelerator Adam Smasher Stanford last year when a $114 million congressional appropriation to build a two mile underground accelerator here, the largest tool yet designed to study the

00:05:09.250 - 00:05:29.850

secrets of the atom, this accelerator is almost certain to attract a constellation of nuclear oriented industry, adding more thousands to the population statistics of the area. This scientific revolution, triggering astonishing growth on the peninsula, has only begun as we're mark increasing billions for space and nuclear

00:05:29.850 - 00:05:49.640

research race with Russia to put a man on the moon. Even Mawr explosive growth is inevitable. We'll discuss that with two population experts at Stanford Research Institute after this word. Having given birth to Elektronik 60 years ago, the lower Peninsula has been transformed from a predominantly

00:05:49.640 - 00:06:07.600

rural to an urban area in less than 10 years. It expects that growth to double in the next decade as the Western world accelerates space exploration here at Stanford Research Institute, assignment for discussed the implications and extent of that growth with to authorities. Economist Dr Robert

00:06:07.610 - 00:06:27.210

Arnold was project chief for the institute's landmark study of the California economy, 1947 to 1980 published in December a year ago within his doctor, Eric Ducks Todd, who's special field, relates to the economic problems of metropolitan growth. These air, I think of the I got some

00:06:27.300 - 00:06:50.880

have polarization, the job creation picture in the Bay Area and particularly in reference to the peninsula historically was that central city of San Francisco was the major job creating center, and therefore people lived one in the central city or some communities from San Mateo, Burlingame that

00:06:50.880 - 00:07:06.730

will park. Then you had a small area here in Palo Alto that had for for its size at that time a job creating center and Stanford University. That was Palo Alto. But the major second job creating center for the peninsula was Santa Zack, which was based

00:07:06.740 - 00:07:25.960

primarily on food processing in some other manufacturers, with the coming of the Second World War in defense industries and particularly World War Two. But you have waas, the creation of job creating centers directly on the peninsula. So here, in population terms, because population is related to

00:07:25.970 - 00:07:43.650

jobs in the region, like you have a very explosive situation in terms of population, although there's still lots of room. So, for example, Santa Clara County is projected by people like Karl Franz and by Stanford. Research by the Planning Commission of Santa Clara probably grow something

00:07:43.650 - 00:08:03.460

like numbers 400,000 people between 19 Sir. That means that Santa Clara County alone will probably have over a million Santa's A the city of San Jose has played a role of a at least a regional center for some time, but with the growth of other regional

00:08:03.460 - 00:08:19.560

centers on the peninsula due to this very rapid population growth, San Jose is facing a very serious problem as to what it can do to build up its function as a secondary central city and perhaps a simple city to map San Francisco in future. These questions

00:08:19.560 - 00:08:35.570

that have to be decided by people on making very tough decisions as to whether they wanna pay for certain things and get certain things with their service. When you I think the real question. Because whether San Jose is going to become a major central city for

00:08:35.570 - 00:08:54.520

the lower part of peninsula feeding into seven Alameda County also, or whether we're going to get specialized poles of of cities. Palo Alto taking on its function perhaps Sonny Bill taking on its function. San Jose taking on its function. What can we say about the problems

00:08:54.520 - 00:09:11.180

associated with us? Well, this doesn't happen to be my field. Eric Ducks. Dad, one of my colleagues has done some work on this. Perhaps you'd like to say something on day question. What kind of problems are created by them in those cities which have seen fit

00:09:11.190 - 00:09:29.560

to or have been lucky enough to attract industry, too. The naturally the increased tax base does a lot to take care of defray the cost of providing the service. Those other cities, which have made a choice to keep themselves as free as possible from industrial growth

00:09:30.040 - 00:09:46.250

and have encouraged single family dwellings, are of course, uh, just adding tremendously to the tax burden of the people who have chosen to live in that community. But here again, it's a choice. If the people feel that they can afford this sort of thing, then they

00:09:46.250 - 00:10:02.440

should have it. Naturally. This is Mountain Rim Santa Clara County, running from the southern tip of San Francisco Bay to a point just south of the town of Gilroy. And Gilroy possesses the agricultural character, which until a few years ago for dominated in the county here,

00:10:02.440 - 00:10:19.750

the slender Santa Clara Valley, overlooked by the Diablo Range in the east and the Santa Cruz Mountains on the west, retains its rural flavor. Cattle graze upon its medals. Orchards produce rich harvests of fruit upon its gentle hillsides, and its air is clear, pungent and exhilarating.

00:10:23.040 - 00:10:40.230

But Gilroy, like many another Santa Clara County town, is destined for urban transformation. Here, less than a dozen miles to the north, is the outpost of the county's electron ICS complex. This strikingly designed IBM research and production center brings industry and science to the Southern Santa

00:10:40.230 - 00:10:58.010

Clara Valley. But IBM is, at least for now, an island of industry in this part of the valley. Here, for the most part, are vineyards for chards and farm. The town San Martine, Morgan Hill, coyote or small towns preoccupied with agriculture and then moving northward out

00:10:58.010 - 00:11:48.160

of the coyote narrows where the two mountain ranges almost converged. A transformation occurs, right? Yeah, Slowly. At first the highway overpasses become more numerous. Yeah, Uh huh. Uh, no. The lavish valley becomes lost under a sea of houses. This'd San Jose from 17 square

00:11:48.160 - 00:12:09.760

miles in 1950 to 70 square miles in 1960 its population having grown from 354,000 in the same decade. 40,000 new residents each year. San Jose, another Valley town. But this one is running to keep up with itself, presenting a confusing combination of suburbia and metropolitan hub.

00:12:09.770 - 00:12:27.870

Yet there's no mistaking its aspirations. City Hall surveys San Jose with a look of tomorrow in its eyes among the architects of its civic future. These officials meeting in the office of city manager AP Hammond The tomorrow they're pondering includes a time perhaps less than 10

00:12:27.870 - 00:12:46.810

years away, when this city will surpass San Francisco, says the city manager. Santa's very definitely will be a city of 200 square miles, and it will have a population at its maximum of about a million 200 0 people. But Hammond is not one to minimize his

00:12:46.810 - 00:13:01.900

city's problems. Ask him about urban sprawl, what might be termed the Los Angeles profile. And, well, there are a lot of names that the experts give to it, and there isn't any doubt about it. Urban sprawl. If you want to call it that, yes, we will

00:13:01.900 - 00:13:17.640

have urban sprawl from Oakland from San Francisco all the way down to Salinas. There isn't any doubt about it, and you probably say to me, Can we do something to stop it? Not as long as the present image is created by our planners that everyone should

00:13:17.640 - 00:13:31.650

live in a single family residence. And that's what we have sold our populist today, and that's what they're buying. And as long as they continue to want to buy it, there is no solution to the problem because the people are gonna live in single family residences,

00:13:31.650 - 00:13:45.170

and as long as that continues, it has to spread. There's no other solution. You have an idea? Well, yes, basically, I think that we're in the in the midst of a change now, but I think all of our people have to recognize it. I think that

00:13:45.170 - 00:14:01.870

as we grow and expand, there is a stronger influence today to come back into the city with high rise apartments and greater densities of population. This was an orchard five years ago, now one of the most successful shopping centers in the Bay Area. It and regional

00:14:01.870 - 00:14:21.410

centers like it help explain why downtown San Jose has failed to become the central business district that might have polarized this big small town into a major urban core area encroaching upon the orchards famous trademark of the Santa Clara Valley subdivision, highways and industries air rapidly

00:14:21.410 - 00:14:54.450

banishing the last evidence of yesterday's landscape. Yeah, signs of a changing world. Signs of the City of Space a way. Is it one city or a mass of many cities? We'll discover not one, but a bewildering variety of civic profiles and personalities right after this message.

00:14:57.240 - 00:15:13.660

The city of the space age that is emerging on the lower peninsula is made of many egos for the South. It merges with the agricultural world, which it is quickly blotting out. San Jose It's wide flung population core looks ambitiously toward a metropolitan future. Along its

00:15:13.660 - 00:15:34.110

fringes and tucked into its creases, are industrial bedroom cities like Sunnyvale, site of the massive Lockheed plant. Some 52,000 people now live in this crowded town, and in 10 years it expects 100,000. Industry dominates the personality of this sector and offers curious testimonials to change yesterday,

00:15:34.110 - 00:15:53.520

living side by side with today fields and orchards yielding to industry and hurried home building on treeless tract. Thus the city spins its urban web and pattern list configurations across the countryside, imposing the character of chaotic growth. No respecter of arbitrary city limits. This flood tide

00:15:53.520 - 00:16:11.830

of urbanization poses needs for special services to meet them. Special District's air created ranging from the familiar school district to district for mosquito abatement. For cemeteries, they have the power to levy and collect taxes. In one area, there are four separate towns, several sectors of unincorporated

00:16:11.830 - 00:16:31.660

territory and no less than 33 separate and distinct special purpose defict. Citizens of one nearby town pay taxes to the tune of $2.68 per $100 evaluation for 13 Special District. By comparison, a total tax levied by the City of Palo Alto comes toe only 80 cents,

00:16:32.240 - 00:16:56.130

a piecemeal expedient. In most instances, these district's impose another hurdle to any orderly plan for regional growth. Apollo Alto, probably the most stable community in this far flung urban complex. Ah, University town, known for its charm and cultural attainment. Yet the shaded avenues mask the fact

00:16:56.140 - 00:17:13.500

that Palo Alto to is growing explosively population, rising 102% from 1950 to 1960 destined to double again in the next decade. So Palo Alto has its share of neo slums, the fast buck, low priced housing track, which will go on to seed in a generation or

00:17:13.500 - 00:17:31.240

less. This is Jerome Keithley, city manager of Palo Alto his view of the neo slum problem not to conceive that we're going to end up with our share. I hope it's not too much in the future, but we'll end up with our share of Neo Slam

00:17:31.240 - 00:17:49.480

problems, but not they share comparable to some of the other California communities. I think that the success that we might achieve in this would be given credit could be given credit to, AH, number of features of the community. Uh, one, of course, would be the Power

00:17:49.480 - 00:18:06.470

Alto image and the value of land here. I mean, the price of land has always succeeded the price of comparable land for subdivisions. And so obviously a man has had to do a little more, uh, to get his money back out of it. It is said

00:18:06.480 - 00:18:23.290

top officials in each of the major peninsula cities privately admit metropolitan area government offers the only hope for dispelling the nightmare that chaotic growth is imposing. But Metro government is a naughty idea in certain circles, and though many officials are convinced it is inevitable, public comments

00:18:23.290 - 00:18:45.000

regarded, Keithley, commenting on the problems of coordinating growth with adjoining city, stresses the likelihood of future consolidation exceptional future. I've been here since 1950 I would like to believe that in the not too distant future that you will see amalgamation of a number of communities throughout

00:18:45.010 - 00:19:04.970

the state of California where, through a very sensible, realistic and impartial studies, they will determine that it is in the best interest of all involved. Thio Amalgamate joined forces for instance, and and become one community. And then when that occurs, why a lot of this funding

00:19:04.970 - 00:19:26.010

problem that you're you're discussing will be it will be licked at the same time. There is no reason that, as it is that planning agencies and councils commissions, staffs can't work together. Perhaps the most logical rounding out of Palo Alto's boundary would result from consolidation with

00:19:26.010 - 00:19:43.730

adjoining Los Altos, the luxury residential community incorporated nine years ago. Because it bans industry. Los Altos derives its income chiefly from taxes on home. But City manager John Hope denies the city is any difficulty paying its own way and doubts his bedroom community will ever consolidate

00:19:43.730 - 00:20:17.000

with its larger neighbor. Back in 18 60 ball after new council was seated, the outgoing mayor of Atkinson, who didn't run, made a strong song where he suggested that the conservation with parallel toe be studied. UH, it received no response whatsoever. Consolidation, then, is a word.

00:20:17.010 - 00:20:34.510

Kindle debates on the lower peninsula, and nowhere is that better illustrated than in the town that progress bypassed. We'll see when we visit that curious Civic, and Akron is, um, after this message. In examining this city of the space age, it becomes apparent that only one

00:20:34.510 - 00:20:52.130

generalization can safely be made from its rural fringe on the South, through the Industrial Midlands of San Jose and Sunnyvale to its Palo Alto image on the North Aerospace and the related technology has carved out a teeming metropolitan world. Here on the title flats at the

00:20:52.130 - 00:21:09.390

tip of San Francisco Bay is one of the three oldest municipalities in California, having been incorporated in 18 52 haven for 24 hour card players. Alviso is most modern structures air those devoted to dining and poker. But this was a port city a century ago, and

00:21:09.390 - 00:21:24.790

even now Alviso commands the most feasible site for a South Bay deep water park. As Assignment four reported last fall, the Army Corps of Engineers is now considering a port facility for San Jose. This, then, is the background for one of the hottest debates now raging

00:21:24.790 - 00:21:45.280

on the lower peninsula. San Jose City Manager 80 Hammond has some answers on the question of consolidation. We have problems of zoning and planning. We have problems of public works, storm sewers, storm drainage and so forth that continually arise between ourselves and the smaller communities. We

00:21:45.280 - 00:22:03.120

overcome them by negotiation, but it's a much more difficult way to do business than if we had the whole area. I feel very strongly that all of these communities should be consolidated into one community. I think it's to their betterment on to ours. We have a

00:22:03.130 - 00:22:23.590

consolidation coming election coming up with Elvis ovary shortly, and we have had enquiries from high ranking officials in two other communities who are desires of talking consolidation with us at the present time. Perhaps the most outspoken opponent of consolidation with San Jose is Alviso City Clerk

00:22:23.590 - 00:22:39.550

Willis Lane, the chief spokesman here in the building that serves as its city hall. The father of Elvis owes mayor and husband of its city treasurer. Lane says flooding of the Guadalupe River is chiefly responsible for his city's retarded personality. Contending improvements on the Guadalupe Ikan

00:22:39.550 - 00:22:54.920

be expected soon. Lane envisions a bright future which he isn't disposed. Toe, hand over to San Jose that look how the development field Look how the developments Here you go to be delivered the development. There you go to San Jose. Why is out back out of

00:22:54.920 - 00:23:08.530

the flat. They'll flock in here like yeast to a cornfield When they're gonna make this blood and the ones that could come in here and buy property now at a reasonable price and hold it, they're gonna make good money off their returns. And now that we

00:23:08.530 - 00:23:22.160

have definitely made progress If you was a city official, would you give it away? We have to be faced here with these people that you meet on the street. I was born and raised. My folks were born and raised. We've got a lot of newcomers in

00:23:22.160 - 00:23:31.000

town and I don't know. But should the town go to San Jose and should I be a part of it, promoting it to go to San Jose and I have to meet these people on the street, I want to meet him with a clear conscience where

00:23:31.000 - 00:23:42.040

I can hold my head up. If they take a promise, they're going to take us with a fight. And I think we're well within our rights of fighting for something that we think is right. I see no more giving Al visa to San Jose, and I

00:23:42.040 - 00:23:58.130

would give this country to Russia. Achievement through action, reads an Elvis Oh Chamber of Commerce folder. On April 10th, Elvis owes voters will act on the question whether their future lies with San Jose. It is a strangely unplanned, an inadvertent city, which is stamped its imprint

00:23:58.140 - 00:24:15.210

on the lowlands of the Lower Peninsula. Here on the up land ridge of the county's western boundary is some of the last unspoiled mountain terrain in the Bay Area. Though they crowded peninsula could be glimpsed occasionally from picturesque Skyline Drive, this region still possesses an aloof

00:24:15.210 - 00:24:30.080

mood of mountain freedom. But there's something almost prophetic about a sign such as this one found above Colorado in the heart of these not so Virgin Hills. The city of Palo Alto recently acquired 1100 acres up here. It will create a park and part of the

00:24:30.080 - 00:24:44.860

land, but for the most part, little is being done to preserve these forests in their natural state, and it's apparent that the sprawling urban giant down below must soon cast a determined I up here. Thus, the city of the space age is not nearly so up

00:24:44.860 - 00:25:04.490

to date as the spacecraft that is creating it's not even a city. Instead, it's a grab bag collection of municipalities feverishly applying archaic state laws to meet ultra modern requirements. Fortunately, it possesses some of the most skilled administrative talent in the nation. Unfortunately, it's population explosion

00:25:04.500 - 00:25:33.190

isn't likely to slack and long enough for its dedicated planners and administrators to catch up with the flood tide of growth that has already engulfed. Um, on assignment for Craig Jordan reporting. Oh, uh huh, uh huh. A summit for was presented in the public interest by

00:25:33.200 - 00:25:51.050

Koron TV and join us next week when the news and public affairs departments of Koron TV bring you another report to the West on assignment for