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a new territory far from the reservation, is now home to more than half of America's one million Indians, the modern city census figures show. There 42,000 Native Americans living in the Bay Area Onley Los Angeles has mawr of these urban Indians. Alcatraz inspired many of them.

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To come here for that island takeover in 1969 signaled a new era of Indian unity and determination, in fact, exist that we held Alcatraz for 19 months against the United States government. We did it on our own. We did it our own way. We will never

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co opted. They tried to offer us money. We said, We don't want your money. They tried to offer us. At least we said We don't want your leases. We want this for our own, for us to build it and make it either make it last or

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fall. But we wanted to do it on our own way already. Know that we're equal. I mean, we're equal a human being, so we're not fighting for equality, but we're fighting for us. We want economic opportunity. We want to write to control our own economic base,

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you know, way want to write to control our lives. John Trudell was in that first group of Indians demanding land schools, culture centers even after being forced off Alcatraz. He doesn't feel it was a defeat. It was worth it in a sensor of like their arm

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or Indians now that have gotten out of being apathetic. And they did that because of things like Alcatraz. Alcatraz happened after Alcatraz happened. Fort Lawton happened. Black Hills movement happened. It's happening on the East Coast. It's there's, there's a revival of building Indian pride. I'm proud

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of being Indian, and I'm going to stand up the United States government to prove it. Indians remain one of our smallest minorities and one of the poorest. But that may be changing in the shift toward city living tonight on assignment for a look at what the

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awareness since Alcatraz has done to help Indians come together to solve their many problems as they become the new urban tribe. You can't locate an Indian ghetto in the Bay Area, but many of the 42,000 who left the reservation still no poverty here. It's a hard

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move from a tribal life into the urban scene, looking for elusive opportunities. Better education, healthcare, jobs. Indians bring along as much of their culture as they can to ease the shock. A power wow is a friendly group. A city is a lonely crowd. Okay, three urban

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Indian, especially in California, has at least a greater disadvantage in making it in the basically white society as anyone around on. The reasons for this are fairly complicated, but of course involved problems of cultural identity and cultural immigration matters. Three Indian has come from the reservation,

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which is basically an Indian society and oftentimes finds himself unwto totally unprepared for the kinds of things he meets. Here, for instance, one case of an Indian who came Thio California had never seen a bus before in his life and was told to get from place

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to place by bus. In addition to that, urban Indians have very severe financial problems. They start out with very great financial disadvantage. They come from reservations. Usually they have left the reservation because they were not able to make a living, let alone a decent living. On

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the reservation that describes Mark White Bull ASU, who came from Standing Rock Reservation in South Dakota, the reason I left the reservation because there was no jobs, nothing to do. There was no future for me there, and I wasn't very aware of the time. So I

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I thought I'd try to get out in the world and let's see what I could do with myself instead of staying on a reservation. Drinking E started to drink pretty bad because there was nothing else to do. There s o b a had a bunch of

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job listings. We have to go out, go out far away. 2000 miles away stuff. So I picked San Jose e wanted to computer operating. I told him I wanted to go into computer operating because I saw some ads that computer operators were making a lot of

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money and stuff like this. They told me I didn't have it as a computer operator. E probably couldn't make it as a computer operator because I didn't have the brains, he said. Indians are good with their hands, not with their brains. E got pretty upset over

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that statement, E told. Just give me a chance. I know I could make it a e tried it. There was a five month force to put operating in E. Finished it in four months just to get back at him. Show him, make a fool out of

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them, get my last lap reservation on weekends. Mark White Bull likes to sing his own songs that Paulus to state his Indian identity in the white man's world. He's doing all right. He broke the stereotype that long has claimed Indians

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can only trained to be mechanics or welders. Mark is a computer operator at the Bureau of Indian Affairs. Helped him with $160 a month during his training. $110 of that went for room and board. Many Indians have found relocation to difficulty, cities too harsh, and they've

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gone back to the reservation. Mark White Bull feels the toughest part of city living was a lack of acceptance by white society. The reason why Indian centers are important because people Indian people want to come together and talk about the good old days on a reservation

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just to be with each other. And, you know, there is something that is basically they're basically like, all of the color, like no matter what, what tribe they come from. We all have something in common in the very beginning way didn't have a center on. There's

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a lot of Indians that come into the urban area always trying to seek out Indians. And there's three. The bureau in in Affairs has initiated a program for relocation, taking the Indians opera reservation and bring them into the urban sitting where there are schools that they

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can go to. And but consequently there's, uh, their subsistence, although there's really not that many activities that they can actually afford to participate in, and a lot of times they wanna be with Indian, since they seek out Indians. Recently, we've purchased this building here on 25

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incidents on, and now we're able to have power social gatherings on also rock and roll dancers for the for the youth. And, uh, not only that, uh, services that will help those individuals that need employment or they need healthcare are to be able to refer them

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to various agencies that might help them both in legal or whatever. And so they come in and then they find out that there's an Indian center in San Francisco, the intertribal house here in San Jose Indian Center and different different areas of where they can really

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meet more people and become involved with helping their own people. For instance, the Indian Center has AH lot of social gatherings. They have power in a travel house, has dinners, and then, if you want to be more politically involved, a Bay Area Native American Council, along

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with nine other Indians Justine Mop in is active than training that will qualify her as a counselor to her people. While job counseling in social services are important functions of the Indian centers, much emphasis is on preserving the Indian identity. I think it's very important that

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our Children receive their identity and culture, and this is why the American Indian Center here. I hope in the future that we can have a child care center in which we can teach our Children pictographs in, uh, Indian dancing sign language and things like that that

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are even Indian stories. There's a lot of beautiful Indian legends and stories way also think of the older people we have, ah, ladies, so on club, and, uh, they're always active than whenever we have powers. They perhaps man the kitchen and the cook Indian food such

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as fried bread and Indian student corn and a number of things and which works out beautifully. Earl Livermore is president of the San Francisco Indian Center on Valencia Street. He is also director of an Oakland halfway house. The deals with Alcoholism, one of the Indians most

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serious health problems. We're working very hard. We have initiated an urban Indian health board, and we have some very fine people on this. Some of them are non Indians who are working as advisors from our doctors and people in the medical field. We're presently trying to

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obtain a portion of the Marine Hospital here in San Francisco, and we're trying to develop an outpatient clinic for Indian people. One of the reasons why we do need health facilities in this area for the American Indian is that the supportive agencies in this area, I

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feel as though the Indian is actually taken care of by the federal government. Thistle is not true. There are many of the when I say speak of the urban Indian. This is the Indian that is an off reservation is not entitled to any federal programs unless

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they are back on the reservation. Now the high percentage of the Indian residents is beginning to become the urban Indian and thes programs air needed here, right in this area way need dental care. We need maternal care. Name it, we need it. As far as health

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is concerned. Statistics underlying alarming Indian health problems besides alcoholism Ah, life expectancy of 44 years on the highest infant mortality rate in the nation. We're just recently beginning to develop, uh, alcoholism programs among the American Indians both on reservations and the urban areas. And I think

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one thing that we're going to have to do is educated public, that these people can be helped and they need help. It wasn't easy really developed the house itself because we didn't have anything to start with. We had a limited amount of funds, and so we

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had to solicit a lot of our own furniture, and we had thio fix up the place not just have a roof over their head like so many times on reservations. They give you a house and and just more or less a roof over your head and

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expect this to pacify you. But this type of thing way had to develop a place where we not only gave the people that live in comfort but yet a home atmosphere, not an institutional atmosphere. And this is very important to the men in its place itself

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relates to them because it's an all India program. 15 men could live at the Oakland halfway house. There is a similar facility in San Francisco with room for 15. Many men hold jobs or go to school during the period of drying out and counseling, and they

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pitch in to help keep the house clean and functioning. Presently, we're in need of another halfway house, uh, to serve women, although we do have women who come here for counseling services. And we also have family counseling way. Have outreach workers that go out in the

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field to the various city jails and talk with the men that are in the jails and let him know what's available in the community. And also, when they're ready, Thio come out to make sure that you know the house is available to them, providing we have

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room way also seek out other areas for them. But one of the main things right now is a place for women also we need a center for detoxification. Indian C one answer to their many problems in terms of land, health services, education, housing These all require

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space. Indians feel they have the will and togetherness to do it themselves. So they seek land from the federal government they can control and develop are really first surplus property that are Indian people have been able to receive to apply for is the new two gone

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away to cancel Kuala University at Davis. And we received the keys to that from the federal government on April 2nd. And that was really a glorious occasion having our own Indian people in there and the people that are working, of course, all working together for the

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same goal. It was very, very exciting is one of the finest days or the finest moments, I think probably in my in my life, but at any rate, uh, to me, Alcatraz, of course, was a surplus property to, and that's how I happened to become myself

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personally, uh, totally involved in the new Indian movement was the principle that the surplus lands are being given away and, uh, that are Indian people. They were they were lands originally. Let's face it, uh, need them so desperately. We need the properties for universities. We need

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them for hospitals. We need them for halfway houses. For our alcoholics, we have more than our share of alcoholics. More of our share of convicts, Our health, our Indians diet 44. We need them for orphanages. We even for our health clinic, uh, for everything that's imaginable.

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That first federal property acquisition 647 acres near Davis, Calif. Is now becoming a school to serve two cultures Indian and Chicano D Ghana Weed a kettle quartile University named for D Ghana widow and Iraq Oy, whose idea for a Confederacy of his people was a model

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for our own U. S. Constitution and Kessel cuadrilla tall tech Indian reformer now thought of as a god in Mexico. Dave Riesling, executive director, talks about the school's philosophy and future at the University University. We intend to have four colleges to start with one of them

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being the Native American College, which is the begun away to college, and the second Chicana College would be, which will be kids go to college and then we have a general college, which is the Community College and the would be upper division next year. And we

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plan to have a health science type of school where we'll deal with first paramedical professions and finding will lead into the medical profession's. Now, one of the things that we want to do that's different in this university assed compared to the traditional university is that we

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wanna train people in the things that they want way. Want the courses to be the kinds of things that people want. This is the university for the people by the people. Present institutions haven't given these people the dignity that they deserve. Uh, we will go into

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a lot of vocational training for those people who want the six months training course, a two year training course, or if they want the academic way, we'll be moving into the for your upper division classes. Graduate classes this next year. Besides conventional classrooms and dormitories, plans

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a dick You call for construction of TPS Hogan's and long huts, traditional Indian dwellings where tribal elders Kenly live and teach Indian ways to the students. You might wonder about the Indians in Chicanos coming together in a common cause in first place. We have a lot

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of things in common. In fact, our background is of the same Chicana peoples were Indian people in the first place. So we're talking about Native American people. They are Native American people. We find their culture is somewhat different with the European influence and with the religion

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and the language. But we feel that beneath all of this is that we are the same. We have our same desires. We are have our we've been suppressed the same way over the years. However, in the United States itself, the Indian people may have somewhat different

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problems because we are under control. We are governed by the bureau opinion affairs, a segment of the government. While the Chicanos or not, university is the kind of relevant institution Indians feel they've needed to help them deal with the world outside the reservation. At the same

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time, the school will help preserve their Indian ness, collecting the art, the old legends and customs. They are proud that they've been right all along about nature. They were the first Ecologists living off the land and sharing it without destroying it. Ah, young Indian like Phil

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White Hawk Since is this awareness is spreading. There's a fantastic interest in Indians right now. You find elements of youth subculture that are taking a little attributes from the Indian culture incorporating it. You find a lot of people with headbands, beadwork, moccasins and Indians are just

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coming out of an identity crisis themselves. And they're starting now to to become a real community in urban areas. You see this here in the Bay Area? I found myself a new identity Azan Indian, not trying to be a white person anymore. And I started reading

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things about Indians and just built myself up again because I found out, Man, those Indians, they're really smart. All of all the things they vote, all the things they've done. Why? Why am I trying to be like a white person being myself? E don't have any.

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I didn't have any heritage of my own. I could fall back on since I wanted to be Indian. I didn't know my own language. I didn't know my own waste. I had to read about him myself. Thing made me better at my mother because she never

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taught me my own waste my own language. She was the one that put me in this position of being made me bitter because I wanted to try to make me be like a wait person that e couldn't e couldn't cut it when they came out here.

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Now I know the public has a short memory, but I'm not a passing fad. As you shall see, my last shall be my with E and I'll be back again. E disappointments on my heart Breaks have always been my game, E said. The time has come.

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The time has come for the time has come for us. The time has come to play games with me is not the same with I'm not ashamed of me with I'm not ashamed of me with I'm not ashamed of me with. Recently there was an Indian

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festival at the Palace of Fine Arts in San Francisco. Crowds flocked to enjoy the arts and crafts of many tribes to appreciate the very culture of the new urban tribe. While the dancing was going on, people mingled with celebrities who are now anxious to be identified

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with the Indian movement. There was a show with Indian talent to raise money for Bay Area Indian centers that you have held your head high on Told your friends of your Indian clay Proud, good lady on proud Good man. You think they dance? I brought him

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him blood spray and your fear in your It was a day typical of the new Indian togetherness, in the opinion of the wife of Senator Fred Harris of Oklahoma. There, over 300 tribes of it throughout the country and that we have never gotten together to identify

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as one group. And this being in an urban center and the need for each other is really caused us t get together and cross tribal lines and tribal prejudices to help one another. And I think Alcatraz with that and what's happening here in San Francisco at

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the fair. And Alcatraz was symbolic of the urban Indians where no one knew who he waas and where he waas. We got two presidents President Johnson and President Nixon both to say that in Indian is in India wherever he lives and he should receive services. But

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up to date, that hasn't been fulfilled by the federal government in any form or fashion. I think because we're getting ourselves together, that people will have to recognize the fact that we are here and we're different with our specific 300 different cultural and cultures and language

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and our particular beauty and uh, contribution that we could make to the United States. Yes, there is much optimism to be heard from Indian since Alcatraz. Grace Thorpe tells of a prediction she heard from a tribal medicine man, a prediction that could mean Alcatraz was just

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a starting point for a great movement. He said that the return of our Indian people is going to start on the west of the continent, and Alcatraz was chosen because it is on the extreme West that this movement will take 10 years. It'll start in the

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West and not a storm will be left unturned. It will be peaceful, it will be nonviolent, and it will go from the West to the east and at the end of 10 years are people will be equal to the rest of society. He said that this

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will it will bring uh, all people together again. People like myself that was lost to sell advertising in New York and the rest are assimilated in the rest of society. It will bring people like me back in. It will bring our reservation Indians and urban Indians

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together. It'll bring our young and our old which is probably the most difficult really to bring together. Um before the return of our people on, I thought it was a very beautiful vision.