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no. With his earphones, this scientist is looking for the key to how seals and other ocean mammals communicate and find their way in the murky depths with the help of a map made by a computer and displayed on a TV screen. Bad weather conditions may soon

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cease to be a hazard for private airplane pilots. Thousands of lives may be saved each year by assistant that gives pilots of visual highway in the sky. Using a clicking sound made with his mouth, this blind boy pinpoints the location of a target several feet away.

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He's part of a research program to provide a new kind of sight for the blind in the waters off San Francisco. Marine mineralogist. Slower. Ah, high voltage spark er unit. They are researchers of a different kind, looking with electronic equipment for the wealth of minerals that

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lie hidden beneath the ocean floor. The theme sounds you hear are an original pattern in Elektronik music, a form of composition that is coming of age in the era of the transistor. Using these new electronic tools are a growing group of predominantly young men and women.

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They air conducting what might be called a form of research into the future of musical composition. This'll is assignment for the award winning weekly Report to the West, produced by the documentary department of Koron TV Tonight, the researchers Ah, look at the work of Bay Area

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scientists that may shape the world of the future way. For hundreds of years, scientists have wondered whether increased experience could produce changes in the size and chemical composition of the brain. The rats inside these cages air the star subjects and a unique study at the University

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of California that may have a profound effect on the fields of psychology and anatomy. One member of the research team studying this problem is Dr Mark Rosenzweig. One of the big mysteries in present day biology and psychology is how the brain functions in learning and how

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memories are stored in the brain. People have speculated about this for hundreds of years, but it's only in the last few decades that we're beginning to make some concrete progress on this problem. We decided to do studies with experimental animals rats. In our case, we decided

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to use these animal subjects because a great deal is already known about their behavior and because we can have them under very good control for 24 hours a day if necessary. In typical studies, we're testing animals in standardized tests and then comparing their individual learning scores

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with individual differences in the brain, either chemically or anatomically. We're also doing experiments in which animals are given different amounts of experience, and we're actually finding that the experience alters the brain in measurable ways. Chemically and anatomically in a in a large cage are a group

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of rats in one of Dr Rosen's wags current tests. They live in a so called enriched environment, their cages larger than normal. They have mazes, shoots and exercise apparatus to play on. These male rats are descendants of the university's own breeding colony, a colony that includes

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a strain of rats that air bread to be very good at problem solving. Tests are conducted with rats ranging in age from 25 days to nearly six months. Period of an individual test is normally 80 days. In a quiet room nearby, the brothers of the Enriched

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Environment Group lead an entirely different life. There's is an isolated, deprived environment. They're housed one to a cage in a darkened room and have little to stimulate them. But otherwise they're well fed and cared for. If the learning process does produce measurable changes in the chemistry

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and anatomy of the brain, the differences between the brains of these animals and their brothers and the enriched environment should be significant. Rats were selected as the ideal test animal for these experiments because the exterior of their brain is relatively smooth. This enables researchers to accurately

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measure the cortex, or outer bark of the brain, to determine if there is any increase in depth. Once each week, the animals in both test groups are weighed and an accurate record kept of their progress. Any abnormal change in weight may indicate the presence of disease,

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since a diseased animal might invalidate the test results. Every effort is made to keep the area in which the rats live as clean as possible. The rats and the enriched environment are run through a number of maize problems, including the complex reversal discrimination apparatus here. The

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rat must determine whether the correct path to his food is through a dark or lighted passageway. Researchers have found that rodents are better at this type of problem solving than most Children. They've also found that characteristics such as maize solving can be inbred in just a

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few generations. The research program is carried on by a team of specialists in the chemical biodynamics lab of Dr Edward Bennett. Brain samples are analyzed for the presence of certain enzymes that control neurological activity in the university's Department of Anatomy. Technicians determine the amount of brain

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growth by projecting a very thin section on tracing the dimensions of the cortex. This is the first research project to show consistent, measurable changes within the brain of animals in enriched environments. We found that the actual outer layers of the brain have increased in depth and

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that some of the cells in these outer layers have increased in number. And we have also found that the blood supply to the specific area of the brain has increased then as a consequence of the rats being exposed to their enriched environment. But what does all

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this mean to man? These researchers air very cautious about projecting their findings? But they admit that if these findings hold true as they move up in the animal scale toward man, that perhaps in 10 years psychological and chemical means may be available to aid the handicapped,

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the senile and perhaps to increase the intelligence of man himself. There are many fields in which man could benefit greatly from understanding the way animals function. K R O N T v visited Stanford Research Institute Bio Sonar Lab where Dr Thomas Poulter is studying the echo

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ranging capability of sea mammals like the California sea lions to understand how they hunt food and avoid their enemies and the hazards of the sea. Dr. Poulter is a member of a research team that includes a veterinarian and a comparative psychologist. In their work, they've found

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that sea lions confined food just is easily in total darkness, as in daylight. They also can discriminate between pieces of meat and fish of identical size by the type of eco they received. For his studies, Dr Poulter has traveled to both the north and south polar

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regions to record the underwater sounds of other echo sounding animals. Like the killer whale, these studies may 1 day unlock the secret of animal sonar just a few yards distant, a parallel project in bio sonar is underway. The test subject is a blind student who is

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learning to locate objects in his surroundings and pinpoint their precise position. Today, we're going to run the field a signal test. So, Dad, we want you to hold your head straight ahead 0.0 position while I moved the target. Ready? Okay. The project is under the direction

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of research psychologist Charles Rice. Ultimately, we hope to be able to identify the specific type of EC of information which an individual can use best. This sort of information can then be given to, um engineers, for instance, who might develop a guidance device which will enable

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a blind person to use eco information even more efficiently than he can under natural circumstances. In the field of electron ICS, the word computerized holds much magic. But the exciting developments are not all in the direction of ultra complex systems such as those that guide space

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vehicles to their target. Researchers air now designing compact computer systems for specific applications by tailoring a computer to a specific use cost can be greatly reduced. For many years, the chief problem that large hospitals have had to face was not treating a greater number of patients.

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It was instead keeping track of the growing mountain of records that accompany each new patient. Many hospitals have found it's hard to keep tabs on a patient's file. If he is hospitalized more than a week, Thea answer might be a small computer, such as this one

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at the UC Medical Center. The clinical laboratory has always been a problem for large hospitals because making the information on clinical tests available to the physician often took more time than the tests themselves. Due to the paperwork and the distances involved with the system developed by

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Berkeley Scientific Laboratories, clinical information is sent to the central memory storage unit as soon as it's available within the lab. Some automated tests can be sent directly to the computer, while others are entered manually. Paperwork that can occupy nearly half a technicians time is eliminated. In

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the computer room, the records of 1000 patients are kept on a single reel of tape. With a quick call to a secretary, a doctor can obtain information on any or all of the test run on his patients system, operates without computer technicians and costs one third

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that of larger computers. On the other end of the scale, is a very sophisticated hospital data system called the video Matrix. It was developed by the Lockheed missiles and space company system helps the doctor treat his patient faster by speeding communication within the hospital. At the

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video terminal, he simply select the treatment he wishes performed with a special light pen utilizing the video matrix. The complete treatment of any patient can be handled, but this system requires the use of very expensive full sized computers. On becomes economical only when shared by a

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number of hospitals in an area. At Stanford University, a psychiatrist, Dr Kenneth Colby, is putting the computer to an entirely new use. He is giving up his private practice and teaching duties to develop a computerized human belief system that could conduct the psychiatrists first. Interviews with

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a patient. Very the most difficult problems is getting a computer to understand natural language. And my method for doing it involves having a person sitting at a typewriter, which is connected to a computer, and the person can type in in his own language with his own

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spellings, with his own idioms. Um, what he wants to say about himself. There are a number of practical problems that this sort of computer program might be used for. For example, in large psychiatric institutions, which are understaffed, some of the interviewing work might be done with

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a computer programs. Also, it might be feasible in the future to design computer programs, which could carry out specific therapies for specific conditions. It may be many years before the computer replaces the psychiatrist, but even today, psychiatrist like Dr Colby think most patients would rather tell

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their troubles to a machine than to a man. As the field of computer science solves the more complex problems of landing a spaceship on the moon or guiding a bomber pilot to his target, American business is quick to scale down the apparatus and marketed to private

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industry or to the individual consumer. If anything might strike fear into the heart of a season private airplane pilot, it would be bad weather conditions like these low ceiling and poor visibility normally means no flying today, except on instruments. That was until one Bay Area firm

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decided to rescue the pilots who must fly on instruments. For years, Kaiser Aerospace had made a very expensive guidance unit for fighter bombers, so their research problem became one of scaling down a high price computerized video display unit to fit the cabin of a light aircraft

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and the pocketbook of its owner. This prototype unit was their answer. Ah, pilot Flying Instruments must read all his indicators and quickly form a mental picture of what his plane is doing. Some pilots may suffer vertigo when they suddenly lose sight of the ground and may

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crash as a result. But with this new instrument in his control panel, the pilot has a highway in the sky to follow couple to the plains, radios and Giro's. The unit computes the maneuvers required to solve flight problems. Ah, glance at the TV screen tells the

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pilot where he is and what his plane is doing. Pilots who have tested the prototype unit find that they have more time to check their other instruments or to make radio contacts for flight instructions. When the time comes to land, the unit uses the necessary instrument

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landing information from transmitting stations on the ground. To give the pilot an accurate picture of the glide slope, he must follow for a perfect landing if researchers are able to provide an Elektronik highway in the sky for airplane pilots. What could they do for the millions

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of motorists on today's freeways? Thousands of people are killed each year in accidents caused by drivers who became mesmerized by the roadway flashing by and dozed off forever. Or maybe it was the rhythmic swish of the windshield wipers on the glass that put him to sleep.

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Perhaps it was the thump thump of rubber tires on the pavement beneath his car. Whatever the cause of such tragedies, the technology does exist today to eliminate most of the accidents that plague high speed freeways. And again, it is the product of applied research in the

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field of electron ICS. Although it hardly looks like a vehicle for the highway of the future, this electric tractor may offer a solution to our highway accident problems without human guidance. It moves through the large warehouse of the Owens Corning Fiberglass Company in Santa Clara on

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its way to pick up a load of newly processed materials. A small wire hidden in a groove in the concrete floor guides it to its destination and triggers its signal. Theun, a human hand, must take up the controls to unhitch the empties load up again and

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preset. It's next stop in industry. The unit freeze operators to do more productive work. But the Barrett Electron ICS Corporation, who developed the guidance controls has gone one step further and put it on the high speed automobile. By the time automatic guidance systems air commonplace on

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our highways, the aircraft in this wind tunnel will be flying overhead. This is the hypersonic transport. By the 19 eighties, it will be crossing the United States in less than an hour. At NASA's Ames Research Center, scientists already air conducting wind tunnel tests on the models

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of the so called HST. Earlier, this same laboratory developed a design for the M two lifting body, the vehicle which will bring our future astronauts safely back to Earth. Much of the information gained in that program has been applied to the hypersonic transport for a routine

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test on the hypersonic helium tunnel. The nose and wing sections of a model are painted with a special oily film. To show the effectiveness of this design at such speed, the HST will be a blended wing aircraft with its engines and fuselage contained in a sweep

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of a massive wing even a 4000 MPH. The HST probably will bring few complaints about sonic boom because it's designed to operate a 100,000 ft at the outer fringe of the Earth's atmosphere. All right, anyone disclosed you atmospheres, Roy. We're all set up around here in

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order to simulate the tremendous force of travel at Mach six speeds, helium is pushed through the wind tunnel under great pressure. Yeah, at 4000 miles an hour, and ordinary aircraft would burn up as it re entered the heavier atmosphere. The HST will survive by pumping it's

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liquid hydrogen fuel along the outer skin of the plane. Experts do not think the HST will replace the jet or the SST because it will be very expensive to fly. But travelers with fast trips to make will beat a pathway to the first airline. With hypersonic

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flights on its schedules, man will not only master the skies in the 19 eighties, he will also find ways to exploit the wealth that lies hidden beneath the floor of the world's oceans. At Tiburon, a 65 ft vessel that began life as an army transport and

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cargo ship has been equipped as a seagoing laboratory re christened as the Cripple Creek. It's a Bureau of Mines update to the prospecting spirit that made the original town of Cripple Creek legendary in the annals of the West. Its job is to find and evaluate the

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vast stores of mineral wealth, but experts think are located off the western coast of the United States. These range from NA jewels of phosphor right on the continental shelf off California to deposits of iron, chromium, titanium and precious metals like platinum and gold in the coastal

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waters off Washington, Oregon and Alaska. The findings of the man who operate thes ships may largely determine which areas will be mind Once undersea mining technology has been fully developed aboard the Cripple Creek, the five man crew is testing equipment they will use later to make

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sonar maps of the ocean's floor. A sensitive hydrophone is lowered from the starboard side of the ship to pick up the sonic echoes reflected from the sea bottom. The undersea maps these men will make are based on navigational fix is taken from current marine charts from

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the port side of the Ship of Spark ER devices lowered into the water by feeding high voltage current into this unit on electrical spark is created that is strong enough to produce a sharp echo from the sea bottom. This sonar devices capable of looking beneath the

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sand or debris that lie in the ocean floor to see rock formations that may indicate the location of valuable mineral deposits. The Cripple Creek is equipped with the usual complement of navigational gear, including radar. Her captain is a veteran of many oceangoing research missions. For this

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test run, he must steer his ship carefully to avoid snagging the line to the electronic equipment on one of the bridges or other obstructions they may pass. Unless the waves are unusually high, bad weather conditions do not hamper operations. The oceans off our shores may contain

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mineral wealth that rivals the richest deposits found inland, phosphor right to make fertilizer, heavy minerals and rare earths to make metals for our space vehicles and pigments for our paints. By mapping the undersea reaches, these men are making the first step in the exploration of the

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sea. Later they will drill into the ocean floor to determine the quantity and quality of the minerals they find there. Yeah, at the Bureau of Mines, doc winches, drills and other rigging or going on board their newest ship, the research vessel Virginia City, is being fitted

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out for undersea studies off the coast of Alaska this summer. Her equipment includes an undersea TV rig to let men see the ocean bottom. But if man is to mine the depths of the sea, he must be able to walk the ocean floor himself. At the

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Lockheed missiles and space company. Work already has begun on a strange looking craft that will make undersea mining possible in the very near future. Called Deep Quest, it is a submarine capable of exploration at depths of up to 8000 ft. This deep diving subs should open

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up the vast reaches of the oceans. Inner space. Muchas giant rockets helped us investigate the world beyond our planet. In the last third of this century, our world will be rich with pioneering exploration. In a moment we'll look into the future of entertainment as K R

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o N. T. V explores the new field of Elektronik music eyes this the sound that will fill the concert halls of the future at the San Francisco taped Music Center on the campus of Mills College. Some of the most avant garde experiments in modern music are

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underway. We have electronic music because some composers decided that they're retired of the same sounds that they've been hearing for hundreds of years. Same combinations of Solomon, same way of putting together in a formal structure. The same tambor is the same. Color is the same. Everything

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there was familiar to them at this time. They wanted to explore new possibilities. They were caught up in this sort of fun of exploration. Looking for new sounds, especially designed Elektronik Equipment worth more than $50,000 gives young composers the modulators and mixers they need to compose.

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Elektronik Lee. Using the Centers Modular electronic Music System. Charles Boone is producing the raw material oven electronic composition. Later, he will select certain of these sounds from the recorded tape for his final composition. He may modify them, playing some backwards or at different speeds to gain

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additional effects. This type of music seems to appeal to surprisingly divergent groups of people. Almost every group of people would have someone in it that would be up to enjoy this music The Tape Music Center is currently supported by a Rockefeller grant. Some 30 Bay Area

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composers use it to do works ranging from film and theater music to an entire ballet score. Its director, Pauline Oliveras, is setting up her equipment to produce a random music experiment. Unlike the raw Elektronik sounds that Charles Boone produced earlier, the finish performance will be on

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Miss Olivera State. Mhm. What's going on? Thanks. Will music performed by an electronic machine be part of an evening's entertainment in the future? Only time will tell. Today, it is just one more glimpse into the exciting world of the researchers. Right Assignment four is presented in

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the community Interest by the documentary department of K R O N T. V. Special film Materials provided by the Lockheed missiles and space company join us again next week for another report to the West on assignment. Four