00:00:01.340 - 00:00:47.170

Yeah, yeah, yeah, It was the beginning of a new decade, and San Francisco was trying to become a distinguished world city. Though it revealed a future of opportunity and possibility. San Francisco was also uncertain. Mhm. In 1910, the city was kind of lost. It was confused.

00:00:47.170 - 00:01:05.430

It it had gone through. A number of trauma is the greatest being the destruction of the city in 19 oh six. In that same tumultuous decade of 1900 when San Francisco suffered the terrible earthquake and fire, it also endured the bubonic plague, deadly labor, violence, racism

00:01:05.440 - 00:01:24.440

and widespread political corruption. Working alongside that pattern and you can see this in a number of sermons were people saying that San Francisco was destroyed because of its sinfulness. This was God's judgment on the city. In 1910, Patrick Henry McCarthy of the Union Labor Party was

00:01:24.440 - 00:01:42.800

the city's mayor. Though he worked towards making peace between business and the working class. Conflict between the two groups ended his brief administration. The newly opened immigration station on Angel Island was envisioned as the West coast equivalent to Ellis Island, but it became a place of

00:01:42.800 - 00:02:03.940

humiliation and rejection for the Chinese mhm. And though the city experienced a spectacular moment in its cultural history, when opera singer Luisa Tetrazzini performed for thousands on Market Street, San Francisco was desperately trying to right itself. What the city also needed was a new Moses to

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lead it back to the Promised Land. I think every great city needs an embodiment of what it can be at the best. And for Athens that would be Pericles for Florence, that was Lorenzo the Magnificent for San Francisco. That person was James Ralph Junior Sonny Jim,

00:02:22.440 - 00:02:41.750

Born poor and raised in San Francisco's Mission District. Sonny Jim Ross became a millionaire businessman, a man of optimism and good will. Ralph also had a political genius for getting along with everyone. In 1911, at the age of 42 Sunny Jim was elected the city's mayor.

00:02:42.740 - 00:03:04.080

They called Ralph Sonny Jim because he was always sunny. He was always effervescent, smiling. He was famous for his fresh booty near a carnation in his lapel. Everybody loved this man. San Francisco's mayor for the next 19 years, the charismatic Sonny Jim, personified the Hollywood image

00:03:04.080 - 00:03:26.110

of the big city mayor. Yeah, he enjoyed dedications, handshaking, opening days in the company of silent movie stars like Fatty Arbuckle and Mabel Normand. But in this decade, Ralphs ambitious crusade for civic unity will dramatically change San Francisco's physical and spiritual landscape. Reign of Sunny Jim

00:03:26.110 - 00:03:44.970

will be a golden age of great building and expansion, and I think that that really is San Francisco's great period, the one that we look back on with great fondness and nostalgia. With the election of Sunny Jim Rolph in 1911, the city continued its reversal of

00:03:44.970 - 00:04:07.160

fortunes. It's cultural environment was enhanced with the formation of the San Francisco Symphony Orchestra, the world's first black heavyweight champion. Jack Johnson, trained at Ocean Beach near the Cliff House President William Howard Taft came for the groundbreaking ceremony of the city's future worlds fair. The Panama

00:04:07.160 - 00:04:29.830

Pacific International Exposition. Impressed, the enthusiastic president declared that San Francisco is the city that knows how. At the tan for an air show, thousands of Spectators were thrilled to an exhibition of daring young men in their flying machines. Aviation history was also made. The first live

00:04:29.830 - 00:04:50.570

bomb was dropped from the plane of Lieutenant Myron Cressey. Former San Franciscan Eugene Ely first landed, then took off from the deck of the USS Pennsylvania, anchored in San Francisco Bay, called an Epic and aviation animals. Eli's achievement demonstrated the potential use for the modern day

00:04:50.580 - 00:05:15.590

aircraft carrier in 1911, women's suffrage was also sweeping the country. The month after Mayor Ralph was elected, California voters were going to decide the critical issue of voting rights for women active in the fight was mauled, younger and impassioned, 41 year old suffragist and labour leader

00:05:15.590 - 00:05:31.670

from San Francisco. My younger was raised in a very well to do family in San Francisco and became independently wealthy in her own right when her mother died when she was 12 years old. Maude Younger's life was one of social privilege. But on a trip to

00:05:31.670 - 00:05:49.170

New York City, she saw firsthand the terrible struggles of working women and was transformed. We're not just talking about dirty job conditions in hard labor. We're talking about sexual harassment as well. And she was very deeply affected by this. When San Francisco held its annual Labor

00:05:49.170 - 00:06:08.630

Day parade in 1911 Maude Younger let the suffrage float. This float evoked such a response of enthusiasm from people on the sidelines people cheered and the college equal suffrage. We describe the float as passing through a cool mist like a hot iron. It was such a

00:06:08.630 - 00:06:29.090

dramatic day for these women. Inspired Maude, Younger and the women of San Francisco worked continuously to win the vote. They went to union meetings. They held public rallies. They stood on street corners. When Election Day arrived October 10th, the state's male electorate would decide the outcome

00:06:29.090 - 00:06:45.870

of Amendment eight, the Voting Rights amendment. Women's suffrage is are very nervous on Election Day. They know it's going to be very tight. Uh, they know that as hard as they have worked, there is still a significant amount of opposition to women's suffrage, particularly in San

00:06:45.870 - 00:07:08.230

Francisco. 36 hours later, women had their answer, and on that morning it was announced that women's suffrage has passed. Amendment eight has passed in the state of California. They won by 3000 votes. Though San Francisco voted overwhelmingly against suffrage, California became the sixth state to grant

00:07:08.230 - 00:07:31.110

voting rights to women. The victory also rejuvenated the national suffrage movement. Mauled younger became part of that struggle, and by the end of the decade of the 19th amendment to the Constitution had passed mod younger. I think I found her home in women's activism and found

00:07:31.110 - 00:07:54.050

complete fulfillment there and remained a devoted activist for the rest of her life. In 1912, San Francisco was touched by one of the world's great tragedies. In April, a new luxury liner departed from Southampton, England, for New York City, 2200 people booked passage on the maiden

00:07:54.050 - 00:08:15.710

voyage of the Titanic. Among them was San Francisco's tax assessor, Dr Washington Dodge, one of Mayor Rovs top officials. Dodge was returning to the city with his family after a visit to Europe shortly before midnight. On the 14th, Disaster struck when the Titanic hit an iceberg

00:08:15.710 - 00:08:36.280

in the North Atlantic and began to sink. It was the beginning of a tragic, terror filled night. He put Mrs Dodge and the baby into a lifeboat Number five. I believe it was, And then, uh, she urged him to join because the other wives that we're

00:08:36.280 - 00:08:55.370

going in with the Children are calling to their husbands. Their receipts come, come and they apparently went in Yeah, according to Washington Dodge. After helping others to safety, he was told by an officer in charge to tumble into a lifeboat. Three hours later, the Titanic was

00:08:55.370 - 00:09:17.650

gone. Add around dawn of the 15th, Dodge and his family were safely reunited aboard the steamer Carpathia. And in New York he received a telegram to from the mayor, Sonny Jim Roth, and said, how the city were really afraid that the whole family had been lost.

00:09:18.040 - 00:09:39.700

And we're glad that you will be returning. Of the 2200 men, women and Children who celled on the Titanic, 1500 were lost at sea. Not long after his return to San Francisco, Dodge spoke of his experiences before the city's Commonwealth Club, and it must have been

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very difficult for him because I understand he broke down several times trying to tell people what happened. And also speaking of this built in resistance, that people had at that time two men occupying seats where women and Children, even though those boats would have gone out

00:10:01.530 - 00:10:22.900

empty. But there was always this stigma that he had to live with. Years later, on June 21st, 1919, Washington Dodge shot himself in the head. Within days, he was dead, linked to questionable business dealings. No one will ever know if the burden of the Titanic also

00:10:22.900 - 00:10:47.740

played a role in his suicide. Uh huh. 1913 Mayor Sonny Jim ROVs Great building program continued when ground was broken for San Francisco's new City Hall. Voters also approved a $3.5 million bond issue to extend the Geary Street Railroad to the ocean. Then in the summer,

00:10:47.750 - 00:11:07.110

during the city's dramatic fight for water, Congressman John Rocker introduced a bill which would grant to San Francisco the beautiful valley of Hetch Hetchy. The battle over it has been long and controversial. All great cities and all civilizations are built on water and power. Without these,

00:11:07.110 - 00:11:24.970

you can't actually build cities as early as 19 Oh one, Mayor James Devil feeling look to the Ptolemy River in Yosemite National Park and the building of a reservoir in the nearby valley of Hetch Hetchy as the solution to San Francisco's unquenchable and necessary need for

00:11:24.970 - 00:11:44.980

water. In fact, by 19 9, some 63% of the population of California lived in urban suburban circumstances around the San Francisco Bay. In other words, San Francisco showed the fact that California was going to have a metropolitan future, and the instrumentality of that metropolitan future was

00:11:44.980 - 00:12:02.910

the aqueduct. Culture was water. The Sun Quan in for this culture. Among San Francisco's earliest supporters was Teddy Roosevelt when he was president. Roosevelt stated, in fact, in backing the Hetch Hetchy system, that San Francisco was destined for empire. But in order to do that, it

00:12:02.910 - 00:12:22.040

needed unlimited amounts of energy and water, and they were going to get it from Hetch Hetchy. Because Hetch Hetchy was located in your 70 National Park, Congressional approval was needed for San Francisco to gain access. Opposing the plan was the legendary John Muir. Muir was the

00:12:22.040 - 00:12:40.050

best known and most important figure in the wilderness preservation movement. He helped form the Sierra Club and played a major role in making Yosemite National Park. He was an enormously eloquent character. He really was a kind of Old Testament prophet of nature, a man of great

00:12:40.060 - 00:12:54.880

passion. Mirror was the so called blue eyed Isaiah who believed in the beauty of wilderness as a sign of God's wisdom and goodness. He spoke of the Sierra Nevada is a holy place, and he spoke of Hetchy Valley is a great cathedral How could we damn

00:12:55.130 - 00:13:17.330

this great cathedral and fill it as water tanks for drinking water for the city? In addition to Teddy Roosevelt and Congressman Raker, San Francisco had other powerful friends when Woodrow Wilson was elected president in 1912, former Mayor Phelan was Wilson's campaign manager in California and Secretary

00:13:17.330 - 00:13:35.040

of the Interior. Franklin K. Lane, a close friend and colleague of Feelings, was also a former city attorney for San Francisco. So he, of course, was very much in favor of Hetch Hetchy. And when he gave permission to damning, uh, damning Hetch Hetchy, he, of course,

00:13:35.040 - 00:13:57.370

became an instant hero. On December 19th, 1913, President Wilson signed the Raker Act. San Francisco had one. The Hetch Hetchy Valley would become a reservoir and dam supplying San Francisco's water needs. It would also guarantee it's promising future. I think one of the greatest ironies of

00:13:57.370 - 00:14:12.360

the Hetch Hetchy battle is that although, um, you're lost in 1913, and it's often said that he died the following year of a broken heart. In fact, Muir is the one who is remembered. The engineer who built it, O'Shaughnessy is the one who lost because he's

00:14:12.360 - 00:14:33.080

the one who's been forgotten in the history of San Francisco, Michael Maurice O'Shaughnessy was also one of its most important figures. As the city engineer, O'Shaughnessy not only carried out feelings grand vision of the Hetch Hetchy water project, but also implemented Mayor rolls expansive infrastructure for

00:14:33.080 - 00:14:51.510

San Francisco. He had a passion for public service. He was the kind of progressive figure whom we see very much in the early 20th century in California and the rest of the United States, coming out of this new profession, engineering and articulating public good and public

00:14:51.510 - 00:15:10.530

value through engineering and public works. If Ralph was the city's king, O'Shaughnessy was the power behind the throne. O'Shaughnessy was such a strong and autocratic character that in fact, he made many enemies all along the way, and there were many people who just hated his guts.

00:15:10.530 - 00:15:30.290

In fact, Irish born, university educated, O'Shaughnessy came to California in 18 80 for and achieved great success in private business. Mayor Roth recognized O Shaughnessy's engineering genius and convinced him to take a pay cut and come to work for San Francisco. The two of them met

00:15:30.300 - 00:15:42.290

at the Whitcomb Hotel when that was the city Hall of San Francisco, and Ralph laid out his dreams for what this new city would be, and O'Shaughnessy laid out his dreams. And lo and behold, the dreams coincided, and the two of them worked with a magnificent

00:15:42.290 - 00:16:02.990

partnership. Uh, in those early years, because social disease projects were numerous and costly, some thought his initials, M M, meant more money. But O Shaughnessy engineered San Francisco into the 20th century. And whether you look to the Stockton Street Tunnel, whether you look for the Ocean

00:16:03.000 - 00:16:21.420

Beach Highway, whether you look to the creation, the Civic Center or the astonishing, uh, two decade long project of the Hetch Hetchy water system, again and again you see San Francisco articulating its imperial ambitions and dreams through public works. Now, given that need, the fact that

00:16:21.420 - 00:16:42.980

we had a great public engineer, a talented civil servant, a skilled administrator at the helm means that the policy is, is one of the founders of 20th century San Francisco. In 1914 as well, Shaughnessy was built in a technological empire for San Francisco. The city's fortunes

00:16:42.980 - 00:17:03.570

were also impacted by another of the great engineering feats of modern times. The Panama Canal called one of the great highways of civilization, this 50 mile long waterway joined oceans and continents, changing rural trade and commerce forever. San Francisco believed the canal would provide a great

00:17:03.580 - 00:17:22.680

boost to its own economy, but the city had other grand expectations. Selected as the site of a world's fair to commemorate the completion of the canal, San Francisco would also demonstrate that its recovery from the trauma and loss of the previous decade was now complete. To

00:17:22.680 - 00:17:48.670

celebrate it would throw the biggest party in its history. Mhm in 1915. The first Coast to coast telephone conversation occurred when Alexander Graham Bell spoke from New York to Thomas Watson in San Francisco. In the Civic Center. The new Exposition Auditorium was dedicated. So was the

00:17:48.670 - 00:18:11.770

new City Hall. Its construction took two years and cost almost $4 million. Called a masterpiece, it was Mayor ROVs Crown Jewel, his greatest legacy to San Francisco. But it was on the other side of town, on 635 acres of least and reconstructed marshlands, called Harbor View,

00:18:11.780 - 00:18:35.320

that the city experienced its most stunning triumph of 1915, the Panama Pacific International Exposition re announced, reintroduced reinserted San Francisco into the roll call of significant American cities. After an early morning rain on the 20th of February, a chorus of whistles, bells, car horns and Presidio

00:18:35.320 - 00:18:53.830

gun batteries firing into the bay proclaimed to the people of San Francisco that opening day of the World's fair had arrived. The price of admission was 50 cents for adults, 25 cents for Children under 12. The fair was full of wonder and charm, with its mixture

00:18:53.830 - 00:19:14.910

of past, present and future. The Liberty Bell traveled across country to be exhibited in the Pennsylvania building. A 400 mile Grand Prix race featured the famous driver of the day, Barney Oldfield, 31. Foreign countries participated. Rodents, bronze sculpture. The Thinker was in front of the French

00:19:14.910 - 00:19:34.920

pavilion. There were spectacular buildings like the 435 ft tower of jewels. It's thousands of pieces of colored glass sparkling in the daytime sun at night, the jewels and the rest of the fair related by a device called the scent, later, which projected 48 beams of light

00:19:34.930 - 00:19:54.640

through steam. The Palace of Fine Arts was designed by architect Bernard Slaybeck. Maybe six grand vision became a symbol of San Francisco's renaissance. And I think in architectural terms, the Palace of Fine Arts, uh, suggests to San Francisco that there will always will be ruins. There

00:19:54.640 - 00:20:08.570

will always be a sense of lost time, and here in this in this in this dome and in these columns would be incorporated. The reverberations of the Lost City Here was a place in which you could both mourn the past and celebrate the recovery of the

00:20:08.570 - 00:20:27.500

city. The fair was built at a cost of $15 million and its appeal was irresistible. It was also a place where people fell in love when I was a little girl. My grandfather and grandmother, who lived in San Francisco, used to speak quite fondly of their

00:20:27.500 - 00:20:46.550

days at the exposition Donna the walls. Grandfather Edwin Hansen was from Hayward. Her grandmother, Irma Laurent, came from ST Alina. They courted at the exposition, and you know, courting is a very old fashioned word. But I think it's fitting because if you just think of strolling

00:20:46.550 - 00:21:06.510

down those beautiful, beautiful pathways at the fair and the landscaping was so beautiful, the romantic side of the exposition is quite quite heartwarming. The young couple went to the Expo every weekend. They saw the fame. John Philip Sousa performed with the 65 piece band. My grandmother

00:21:06.510 - 00:21:23.820

said she saw Charlie Chaplin walking through the fairgrounds, and he had quite a following. They did see Henry Ford. He had the first Model T assembly line in operation at the Fair, so they watched cars being made, which was thrilling. Her grandparents also saw The Great

00:21:23.830 - 00:21:46.950

Aviator from San Francisco Lincoln Beachy Lincoln Beachy, known as the man Who Owned the Sky, The man oval right called the most wonderful aviator the world has yet seen. It is hard to imagine the adoration that followed Lincoln bitchy. Everywhere he was Lindbergh at his prime.

00:21:47.140 - 00:22:05.480

He was DiMaggio. He was all the stars of stage and screen. Combined with a touch of Superman thrown in. Lincoln Beachy was born into the poverty of San Francisco's South of Market District in 18 87. As a young man, Beachy had an aptitude for mechanics, loved

00:22:05.490 - 00:22:22.710

engines and flying machines. By 19 oh five, he was piloting dirigibles and became known as the Boy Wonder. Touring America. Thousands upon thousands of people crowded the city streets, looking At some, there's something up in the air that was those days when nothing nobody had ever

00:22:22.710 - 00:22:43.340

seen anything in the other than birds, though bitchy, was small and socially shy. Women responded to the famous daredevil aviator and he to them. But having an intimate relationship outside of marriage was not socially acceptable. So beach devise an inventive plan. If he became engaged, intimacy

00:22:43.340 - 00:23:00.740

would happen. So he literally bought diamond engagement rings by the dozen, and he always kept one in his vest pocket in case the need arose. Oh, Felicia, you're the one. Would you please be my wife? Here's an engagement ring. Let's hit it, honey. Mhm. Beachy was

00:23:00.740 - 00:23:18.000

also adventurous and daring in the air. In front of 250 people at Niagara Falls, Beachy flew through its dangerous river gorge. He also was the first person to fly upside down first person to master the loop to loop. When you see the Blue Angels do all

00:23:18.000 - 00:23:37.950

those fun stunts going over the bay and doing spins and trips and and and loops, he invented that he invented acrobatics. He is called the father of aromatics. Many aviators sought to imitate beachy, the showman, but it became a deadly proposition. They were just trying to

00:23:38.140 - 00:23:57.430

dazzle the crowds, as only beachy could, and they died in droves. Beachy knew of at least 24 men who were killed trying to imitate him, among them his friend Eugene Ely. Filled with remorse, Beachy quit flying. He couldn't take the blame. Everybody was blaming him for

00:23:57.430 - 00:24:20.420

all these deaths. But the challenge to fly was too strong. In 1914, Beachy went on a tour across America, flying in 126 cities. His popularity was beyond imagination. 17 million people saw him in 1914 alone. 30 million people saw him in his career. When the population

00:24:20.420 - 00:24:42.060

of the United States was only 76 million, 30 million people saw him. At the world's fair, officials made the hometown boy. It's daily headliner. March 14th was also designated as Lincoln Beachy Day. Thousands gathered to see their hero fly as well as receive a gold medal

00:24:42.060 - 00:24:59.990

from the nations of the world for his contributions to aviation beaches. Flight was successful, but when his medal had not arrived, the ceremony was delayed. He was asked to fly again, so he said, Sure, do it again, and he got ready and took off again at

00:24:59.990 - 00:25:20.460

3 35 and climbed again out towards Alcatraz, And this time he decided he would try what they called the dive of death. After he achieved enough altitude, he turned and did some spins and loops and things. But then I started diving back toward the fair vertical

00:25:21.740 - 00:25:41.360

and flew down, down, down, down, down, getting faster and faster and faster. And just as he went to pull out of the dive, the wings snapback one than the other. This picture of beaches playing between two ships, was taken moments before he slammed into the bay.

00:25:41.940 - 00:26:00.220

He landed right there, smacked into the bay, estimated 190 miles an hour. Lincoln Beachy, the San Francisco boy who loved to raise his bicycle down the Fillmore Hill and became the man who owned the sky, was dead at the age of 28. He drowned in front

00:26:00.220 - 00:26:19.960

of a quarter of a million people on Beachy Day in 35 ft of water. Nine months later, the San Francisco World's Fair came to a close. In the early morning hours of December 4th, the lights went out for the last time. When the fair ended, I

00:26:19.960 - 00:26:37.750

think there wasn't a dry eye in San Francisco. People stayed till four o'clock in the morning. I just couldn't believe it was all going to be torn down. A bugler played taps from the top of the tower of jewels and alone. Aviator circled in the sky

00:26:37.760 - 00:26:51.790

just until it was all over, and people just stood there. This is what my grandparents and they just stood there transfixed. They just were stunned that it was ended. And that's why that a lot of people call it the Dream City because it was just like

00:26:51.790 - 00:27:09.130

a dream. It was just there for such a brief time, and then it was just gone. Soon after the lights went out, the fair was torn down and demolished. A few buildings were bought and moved. The Palace of Fine Arts survived. The land on which the

00:27:09.130 - 00:27:30.470

fair was built was returned to its owners. Today, that area is known as the Marina District. As for Donna the Walls grandparents, they married in 1917 and remained together for almost 50 years until Edwin Hanson died. They had one child, a daughter, the fair had been

00:27:30.470 - 00:27:53.600

an overwhelming success. 19 million people attended. San Francisco had invited the world to her party and the world came and the world had a ball and proved that President Taft was right, that San Francisco was the city that knows how romantic, fascinating, unforgettable. It was an

00:27:53.610 - 00:28:19.900

epic celebration which declared to everyone that San Francisco was once again a city of permanence and distinction. In 1916, the war in Europe has been raging for two years, a bloodbath of staggering proportions. United States maintained a position of neutrality urging peace, but American participation in

00:28:19.900 - 00:28:42.480

the war was inevitable. In San Francisco, civic unity seemed in abundance. The city was still glowing from its triumph of the recent world's fair, but it was short lived. Once again, Class warfare broke out between business and labor. On June 1st, a West Coast waterfront strike

00:28:42.560 - 00:29:02.880

caused 4000 longshoremen to walk off their jobs in San Francisco. Violence broke out and two strikers were killed. In response, the city's business community formed a law and Order Committee, which was deeply anti union, and they set out with a good deal of unity across the

00:29:02.880 - 00:29:25.050

entire business community, to challenge the power of labor. A week later, on July 17th, the waterfront strike ended. San Francisco could now turn its attention to the upcoming Preparedness Day parade. It's patriotic theme, advocating that Americans should be prepared for the war in Europe. But once

00:29:25.050 - 00:29:47.840

again the city was dangerously divided. Business strongly supported the parade. Labour did not, fearful that the war would destroy unions and the working class, the anger of organized labour was complicated by the growing influence of socialist radicals and pacifists. On the eve of the parade, San

00:29:47.840 - 00:30:06.620

Francisco was at a breaking point. There was an enormous amount of fear not just about the left, but about the possibilities of anarchy itself in American society. On July 22nd, at 1 30 in the afternoon, the Preparedness Day Parade began its march from the Embarcadero Down

00:30:06.620 - 00:30:26.060

Market. It was a Saturday, and over 100 people lined the street. There are units from the Sons of the American Revolution and veterans from the Spanish American War. There are also businessmen and women among the 20,000 marchers. Mayor of Sunny Jim Rolph carried a small American

00:30:26.060 - 00:30:51.320

flag, then, at four minutes after two disaster struck a violent explosion rocked the parade. It happened at the crowded street corner of Stewart and Market streets. A bomb exploded just outside the exchange saloon. Those standing next to it were blown apart, killed instantly. People rushed to

00:30:51.320 - 00:31:13.310

help. They found the bloody sidewalk littered with debris and the remains of the bomb victims. The final count was nine dead and 40 injured. Fear, hysteria and shock gripped San Francisco. It immediately set off a search for those who were responsible and almost immediately attention focused

00:31:13.310 - 00:31:35.750

on a group of labor radicals. Within days, suspects were arrested. Among them was Thomas Mooney, a socialist and suspect in another San Francisco bombing. Also arrested was Warren Billings, who had spent two years in Folsom Prison for the illegal transportation of dynamite. Once the bombing occurred,

00:31:35.750 - 00:31:55.730

Mooney and Buildings had been already on the landscape as activists as distributing literature. They had a reputation. Two months after the bombing, Warren Billings was tried, convicted of first degree murder and sentenced to life in prison. Tom Mooney's trial followed in January. A month later, he

00:31:55.730 - 00:32:15.760

was also found guilty of first degree murder, but Mooney was sentenced to death. The trials of both men were controversial. There were accusations of perjury, the disappearance of witnesses, a suppression of evidence by the prosecutor and heated debate that in the rush to judgment, a frame

00:32:15.760 - 00:32:35.330

up had occurred. One of the key witnesses was revealed to have been miles away when he claimed to have seen Mooney and Billings and the others directly involved in planting the bomb. The whole prosecution unraveled. They were unable to secure any more convictions. But buildings and

00:32:35.330 - 00:32:55.670

Mooney had already been convicted and were in jail, and Mooney was awaiting a death sentence. Opposition to the convictions grew in this country and around the world. President Woodrow Wilson urged leniency. The muni trial and the ability of San Francisco to bring charges and convict these

00:32:55.680 - 00:33:16.150

these two gentlemen on such flimsy evidence shows the lingering capacity for vigilante action in San Francisco, the city that hanged miscreants in 18 51 that put the city under martial law in 18 56 seem to have a lingering tendency for abrupt and paranoid politics. And that's

00:33:16.150 - 00:33:39.170

what this money case was abrupt and paranoid. California Governor William Stevens reduced Tom Mooney's death sentence to life in prison at San Quentin Mooney received the news on Thanksgiving Day 1918. But despite repeated efforts to secure the release of buildings and muni, they remained in jail

00:33:39.940 - 00:34:01.280

from the time of their conviction. Until 1939 the cases of war in Billings and Tom Mooney symbolized not only the strident class divisions within San Francisco, but the continuing polarization between business and labor. The city would experience other labor conflicts in the decade made even more

00:34:01.280 - 00:34:23.650

dangerous by the red scare, when the Russian revolution and the rise of communism brought new tension and violence to America. When the spring of 1917 around, there was no end in sight to the savage war in Europe, American participation was imminent. It's patriotism undiminished. San Francisco

00:34:23.650 - 00:34:49.070

was also confronted with a sober task of sending its young men off to war. Yeah, mhm, 1917. San Francisco's new million dollar public library was dedicated in the Civic Center complex. The Twin Peaks tunnel was also completed. A major transportation artery, the tunnel connected the city

00:34:49.070 - 00:35:07.910

with its developing residential districts. But this was also a time of changing morality. In San Francisco, Mayor Sunny Jim Rolph approved a series of measures to close down the vice district of the Barbary Coast, the city's infamous strip of joy. It was pretty much wall to

00:35:07.910 - 00:35:30.730

wall bars, dives, dance halls, houses of ill repute. But when it was rebuilt after the 19 oh six earthquake, the Barbary Coast had changed into an entertainment and nightclub district. African Americans played a leading role in the district's popular appeal. There are black musicians, performers and

00:35:30.730 - 00:35:50.760

black owned clubs like the So Different and Parcels. It's white, middle class crowd of locals and tourists was also attracted by exciting new dances like the Cakewalk, the Turkey Trot and the Texas Tommy. As a matter of fact, Al Jolson first saw the Texas Tommy performed

00:35:50.770 - 00:36:10.590

at So different Club and later on, incorporated into his show that he took to New York. And so these dances that were invented on Pacific Street in the old Barbary Coast were later on, adopted throughout the country. The music being played was ragtime, blues, boogie Woogie

00:36:10.600 - 00:36:30.670

and a new sound called Jazz. It was brought to San Francisco by black musicians from the equally notorious district of New Orleans called Storyville, so it was really a regular circuit between the two areas and help jazz music to transfer to San Francisco at a very

00:36:30.670 - 00:36:50.570

early time. In fact, the first published use of the word jazz was in a newspaper here in San Francisco. But in 1913 the same year, the word jazz was seen in print. Newspaper publisher William Randolph Hearst joined the protests of local ministers when he launched an

00:36:50.580 - 00:37:10.190

editorial crusade against the Barbary Coast, wanting to make San Francisco a clean city for clean people. So it's the civilizing circumstance that happens in all frontier towns. Uh, the church is open. The preacher has to preach about something. He's gonna preach about the evils and sins

00:37:10.190 - 00:37:32.190

of, um, drinking, smoking and chasing women. It was the beginning of the end for the Barbary Coast. In February of 1917, city cops put 83 profiles and 40 saloons out of business. Eventually, many of the district's black musicians and performers also moved on, but they had

00:37:32.190 - 00:37:48.630

made an important contribution in San Francisco to the legacy of jazz and dance in America. It's the kind of thing that hits you in the heart. If you're an American, when you hear it, it's the right on kind of thing. It's just a perfect harmony between

00:37:48.630 - 00:38:09.270

the mind and the soul. Two months after the sweep of the Barbary Coast, United States entered World War One. San Francisco quickly became a center of war related activity, building ships, producing goods and supplies to support the war effort. The city's patriotic young men, who would

00:38:09.280 - 00:38:33.150

make the world safe for democracy, joined the Army's three 63rd Regiment. The unit became known as San Francisco's own. People were very motivated. Everybody signed up to go over. It was a time when good could prevail over evil. After training at Camp Lewis, Washington, the three

00:38:33.150 - 00:38:52.370

63rd sailed to France in the summer of 1918 to join American forces under the command of General John J. Pershing. By September, San Francisco's own was ready for its first major battle in the French region of the Meuse Argonne. The Germans were always fortified, always in

00:38:52.370 - 00:39:15.490

their trenches, and we always went over open ground into machine gun nests, uh, fighting uphill on the 26th of September at 5:30 a.m. The assault began when San Francisco's three 63rd went over the top, charging into the thick fog of no man's land, the unit encountered

00:39:15.490 - 00:39:35.850

fierce enemy resistance. It quickly became a killing ground. Sergeant Phillip Katz risked his life for a wounded comrade, and what Sergeant Cats did was in front of all the German machine gun fire. He ran up, grabbed the injured soldier and then brought him back to his

00:39:35.850 - 00:39:53.330

own lines. And he was totally exposed the whole time. It was just a phenomenal thing for his bravery. The 23 year old sergeant from San Francisco received the Congressional Medal of Honor. Then in November, when the three 63rd was engaged in the offensive in Belgium, word

00:39:53.340 - 00:40:14.940

came that the Germans had surrendered after four years of horrific fighting in which some 60 million soldiers and civilians were killed. An armistice was signed on the cold, rainy day of November the 11th, 1918, the Great War was over. San Francisco's own would be coming home,

00:40:15.310 - 00:40:35.710

but they had paid a terrible price. Of the 2000 soldiers who went off to fight, 1000 were wounded. 265 were killed. Remember World War One was the war to end all wars, and these were the boys that sacrificed themselves. These were Patriots, and this was a

00:40:35.710 - 00:40:59.780

time of patriotism. On April 22nd, 1919, all of San Francisco celebrated the homecoming of the three 63rd with parade down Market Street. They mobbed the streets. They threw confetti out and they hugged these boys, and it was a very joyous affair. Amid the tears and smiles

00:40:59.780 - 00:41:19.320

of thousands gathered at City Hall, Mayor Sunny Jim Rolph addressed the young soldiers and offered his own feelings of boundless joy in their homecoming. There was a price to pay, and nobody knew of the futility of war more than the soldiers that had been there. These

00:41:19.320 - 00:41:42.350

were heroes. In the last year of the decade, as the euphoria of victory in Europe faded away and young heroes tried to make new lives, San Francisco was once again a challenged city. There were labor strikes. A devastating worldwide flu epidemic killed some 5000 in the

00:41:42.350 - 00:42:03.370

San Francisco area, and Mayor Ralph suffered a personal financial setback when he lost millions in his ship building business. But the city's revival could not be denied. The optimism of the new Moses inspired a renewal of civic unity with dramatic results it was there for all

00:42:03.370 - 00:42:26.910

of San Francisco to see, by the year 1919. San Francisco is essentially in its fundamental physical, spatial, architectural and psychological conditions. Fundamentally the city of today. Wherever one looked in San Francisco, one would encounter already a system in motion a city and being that would really

00:42:26.910 - 00:42:48.630

project itself through the rest of the 20th century. There are now half a million people living within the city's boundaries. The Chrissy filled airport was dedicated. Tosca Cafe opened in North Beach. The San Francisco Seals were once again playing baseball, and the Board of Supervisors approved

00:42:48.630 - 00:43:11.620

a study to see if a bridge could be built across the Golden Gate. Though San Francisco's future would always be confronted by new battles and old conflicts, it was no longer confused. Lost city on the threshold of the roaring twenties, San Francisco had reclaimed. It's so

00:43:13.000 - 00:44:27.720

Yes. Yeah, yeah. Mm. Uh huh, Yeah. Mm. Mhm. Mhm. Yeah. Mhm. Yeah. Oh, yeah.