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Yeah, yeah! Channel four's Bay Area 2000, brought to you by Lexus. Who knew driving Alexis could be so exhilarating. From sand dunes to skyscrapers from cable cars to dot com, San Francisco has come a long way. Now we live the dreams and drama that brought us

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from the gold rush to this new millennium. Good evening. I'm Pam. More. Tonight we continue our unprecedented journey back in time to a place you only thought you knew. We've assembled an outstanding team of historians and storytellers to bring you the glory, the tragedy and the

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promise of one of the greatest cities in the world. But never before seen photographs. An amazing archival footage. Channel four brings you the final chapter in the saga of this extraordinary place we call home now k r o n. Channel four proudly presents San Francisco the

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1st 150 years. Yeah, yeah, On January 24th, 18 48 the mythical gold of the Eldorado was discovered in the Sierra foothills by James Marshall at Sutter's Mill. By the end of the year, when President James K. Polk announced the

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news to Congress and the world, the Gold Rush was on. There is no greater event in San Francisco's history than the Gold Rush. Because San Francisco was both the birthplace and the gateway to the gold rush, the fury of the Gold Rush created one of the

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great migrations in American history. There was a time in 18 49 when the population of San Francisco was doubling every 10 days in San Francisco. Almost overnight was changed from a pastoral little village into a bustling metropolis. People came from almost every corner of the world.

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By 18 52 a quarter of a million fortune hunters had arrived in California by land and sea. From the beginning, San Francisco was a multicultural city. But history had also overwhelmed the original Mexican settlement and the Spanish speaking California's the ruling oligarchy, which governed and owned

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large rancheros in Northern California. Catastrophic change. Practically overnight, the gold rush obliterates almost obliterates the Hispanic community, the Spanish Mexican community of San Francisco. The great majority are displaced economically in ruins and politically insignificant. In 18 50 when California was admitted to the union, San Francisco's

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first mayor, John Geary, formed the city's 30 man police department. And while the city was well known for its vice and sin. It was also a place of cultural good times. The town's first opera was staged at the French run Adelphi Theatre. But San Francisco's rapid

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growth also produced a dark side. Living conditions were unsanitary. There was a lack of safe drinking water. Garbage littered its muddy streets. A cholera outbreak claimed 500 lives in 18, 50 fires destroyed much of the town. By the summer of 18 51 there were also vigilantes,

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public executions and a fear of open insurrection. Yeah, Despite its early struggles, San Francisco became a thriving metropolis. By the end of the decade, though, some $600 million in gold has been mined in California, the city had become its own commercial emporium, built not by the

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miners who passed through but by the city's wealthy merchant class. One of the things that's most interesting about the 18 fifties is the speed with which an aristocratic society formed itself in San Francisco. And the other interesting thing is that this early aristocracy is heavily southern.

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When the Civil War broke out, the city's busy streets were filled with speech making and conspiracies. War had stirred the passions of San Francisco's small but influential southern population, which believed California gold in Nevada silver could help the South win the war. That's one reason the

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Confederacy, although never able to really pull together serious attempt to see San Francisco always lusted after it if they could have blockaded San Francisco and kept the union from getting the gold and silver that could have strangled to unions wherever. In 18 65 when the Civil

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War ended, San Francisco's urban landscape was covered by some 15 buildings. The Cliff House had opened for business. So had the Wells Fargo Bank. Saint Ignatius College, predecessor to the University of San Francisco, conferred its first degree, and a young writer, Mark Twain, came from the

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silver boom in Virginia City to work at San Francisco's morning Call newspaper of his new city, Twain wrote. I fell in love with a most cordial and sociable city in the Union. After the sage brush and alkali deserts of the wash. Oh, San Francisco was a

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paradise to me. Mark Twain is all over the map. When he's writing here, he's going to the theater, He's reporting on the police. He's going to the City Council meetings. I think that there's no doubt in my mind at all that much of what we value

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in March 1 as a writer was learned here in San Francisco, mhm. In the 18 seventies, San Francisco was building for its future. Golden Gate Park, three miles long, half a mile wide with over 1000 lush acres. When its development began in 18 70 one newspaper

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described the park's location as a dreary waste of shifting sand hills. Nob Hill had also been a primitive wasteland. In time, it became the mecca of palatial living for San Francisco's wealthy. Mark Hopkins, one of the members of the Big Four who built the transcontinental railroad,

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spent $3 million on his California Street mansion. The elegant and extravagant home of former Governor Leland Stanford was built to the cost of $2 million. It had all of the latest devices and, for example, a seating area, which was surrounded by plants into which were embedded

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mechanical burbs and at the push of a button, they would all burst into song. The city's expansion was enhanced with the development of the cable car, invented by a young Scotsman Andrew Halliday. Halladay came to California during the Gold Rush and designed steel cables for mining

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in August of 18 73 at Clay Street. Halladay was at the controls of the first successful cable car run in San Francisco. Another of the city's new monuments was the seven story, $7 million Palace Hotel. One newspaper described it as the finest hotel on the face

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of the earth. The palace was the vision of the financial autocrat of the Pacific, William Chapman Ralston Ralston was San Francisco's most powerful entrepreneur, who believed in the city's grand ambition. But in the late 18 seventies, San Francisco began to suffer difficult and bitter economic times.

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The industrious Chinese became a natural scapegoat for thousands of unemployed whites. Since the days of the gold rush, the Chinese had been the victims of hate and prejudice, and so many Chinese withdrew eventually into what we now call yeah, Chinatown, the urban ghettos. And in fact,

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Chinatown is really institutional. Monument for racism. On July 23rd, 18 77 angry mobs went on a rampage, beating Chinese citizens and destroying their businesses. Two days later, at the Beale Street Worf Fire and shooting broke out when a rumor spread that a ship loaded with Chinese

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immigrants had arrived. When the violence ended, 18 had been wounded and four were dead. I mean, when you read these things, there's a strong sense of rage. How could this be six? In the eighties, when the city's population increased to over a quarter of a million

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people, rows of new Victorian homes enriched San Francisco's urban charm. 23 year old William Randolph Hearst became the publisher of the San Francisco Examiner. Celebrated English writer Oscar Wilde came to the city on a lecture tour, and the Italian restaurant Pureed Italia opened on Broadway. In

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the early winter of 18 87 San Francisco became a winter wonderland when a snowstorm covered the entire city. As much as seven inches of snow accumulated on Twin peaks an uncommon sight. It was San Francisco's greatest snowfall. For those who went looking for adventure, a potpourri

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of sinful pleasures could be found in the Barbary Coast, a wicked no man's land of saloons, bordellos, gambling joints and opium dens. But the Barbary Coast was also plagued by crime and violence, infamous for the vicious and abusive slave labor trade, known as Shanghai Ng San

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Francisco was the most notorious Shanghai port in the world during the 18 eighties and later in the streets and bars. Unsuspecting victims could be beaten or drugged into submission to work on ships bound for ports around the world like Shanghai and Shanghai went on from 18

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49 until about 1915 here for a period of 65 years. So if you say 2000 people per year with Shanghai for 65 years, that was 130,000 people. It was a very, very cruel practice. Yeah, in 18 nineties, San Francisco was the largest city in California, and

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it was the beginning of a decade known as the gay nineties. Gentleman Jim Corbett, born and raised in the city's Hayes Valley district, became the heavyweight champion of the world when he knocked out the great John L. Sullivan in Golden Gate Park. San Francisco hosted its

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First World's Fair, the California Mid Winter Fair, to fight political corruption. The city elected real estate millionaire and reform candidate Adolph Sutro as mayor. Sutro was also San Francisco's first Jewish mayor, and when the Spanish American War broke out, San Francisco was transformed into the most

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important military base in the West and the gateway to Asia. San Francisco, by 18 99 is the undisputed leader, urban center of the Far West. It's a period of great optimism for San Francisco. They feel that everything is going their way. Nothing can go wrong or

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stop them from their destiny. Becoming the Paris of the Pacific. In the 50 years since the Gold Rush, San Francisco had emerged from its humble beginnings as a small trading post to a vigorous and prosperous city which controlled California's destiny. By 18 99 San Francisco's population

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was 350,000. It was a city coming of age. Yeah, When we return to the 1st 150 years, San Francisco suffers its greatest catastrophe. K R O N s Bay Area 2000 is brought to you by compact and by your Northern California Toyota dealers. We now return

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to K. R. O. N s the 1st 150 years brought to you by Lexus. Who knew driving Alexis could be so exhilarating, Right? 1900 a new century, a new beginning. The view down San Francisco's Market Street revealed a bustling city filled with horseless carriages, cable cars,

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well to do men and women wearing the latest fashions. Mhm. And San Francisco's society was enjoying European opera singers, Cordon Bleu chefs. They were going to Delmonico's on Market Street and eating oysters and champagne. It was a time of real revelry and joy in the city,

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but that would start to crumble. Mhm. In the spring of 1900 the body of a Chinese worker was discovered in a Chinatown hotel. His death was caused by the bubonic plague. By the end of the year, the number of dead from the disease was listed at

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22. In April of 19 oh one, the city's cable car workers went on strike in July. They were joined by cooks, machinists and longshoremen. In 19 oh two, Eugene Schmitz, a violin player who represented the newly formed Union Labor Party, was sworn in as the city's

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new mayor. Known as handsome Jean. The election of Schmitz also marked the beginning of one of the most corrupt administrations in the city's history. Mayor Schmitz, despite his good looks, didn't really run the city. It was being run behind the scenes by brilliant, totally unscrupulous lawyer

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named Abraham Roof, often known as just Boss roof. In the corrupt partnership between the mayor, the Board of Supervisors and Boss Roof. Anything was available for a price, and so he very quickly learned that to get ahead in the city, you would have to be corrupt,

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and he really went at it with great enthusiasm with great gusto. In May of 19, oh three, President Teddy Roosevelt was greeted by thousands on Van Ness Avenue when he came to San Francisco to dedicate the DUI monument. The next year, the Saint Francis Hotel opened

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its doors for the first time. Located across the street from the new monument, ST Francis became a prominent gathering place for the city's rich and powerful. And there's a telephone in every single room, and that just totally thrilled people. In North Beach, A P. Giannini opened

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the Bank of Italy. Like many San Franciscans, Giannini believed strongly in the city's destiny as the Paris of the Pacific. But this son of Italian immigrants also believed his bank should be available to the working class. Giannini is very personable. He talks to them. He shakes

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their hands and the story is, he would feel the callouses on their hands and tell them how hard they were. He built up a trusting relationship, and on that he built a bank. But in 19 oh five, when the National Board of Underwriters published a report

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critical of San Francisco's readiness for a major fire, it seemed the board had also predicted the city's collision course with history. And many people say Sodom and Gomorrah. This was Sodom and Gomorrah, and, by golly, it met its fate on Wednesday, April 18th, 19, oh six.

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At 5:12 a.m. The San Andreas fault tore apart. So did the city of San Francisco. The entire city shook and rattled for relentlessly. It was quite terrifying. Policemen walking there beats saw the violence of the quake firsthand. Officer Jesse Cook described the streets moving like waves

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in the ocean, and he talks about just hearing this. This this, this sudden sound begin to get louder and louder and louder than hearing church bells clang and masonry beginning to fall. He said he was like a terrier dog shaking a rat. Yeah, the magnitude of

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the quake, as measured by today's Richter scale, was approximately 8.3, the equivalent of some 20 million tons of TNT. San Francisco was also beginning to burn. What happened? These fires burn out of control and linked up one with the other. And soon the whole of the

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town was one raging inferno. Clouds of black smoke covered the sky's. The city's life support systems were in ruins. Gas mains snapped, water pipe shattered fire hydrants rendered useless. The temperature of the fires was estimated at 2700 degrees Fahrenheit. Being it was firestorms that were being

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created by the amount of fire. And these just swung around and built themselves up. And and no matter where they basically sat down, people were incinerated. On Saturday, four days after the earthquake, rain began to fall, the drops echoing in the streets of a destroyed city

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like a requiem. The miracle had come too late, but San Francisco's hell was finally over. The San Francisco Fire was one of the greatest disasters in American history. It took out the financial district, the retail district, the produce market, south of market, the industrial zone. There

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it took out North Beach. It took out Russian Hill, Nob Hill So within three days you have a major American city, which simply vanishes off the face of the earth. San Francisco was covered in its own ashes. Some 500 city blocks were ravaged. 2800 acres, 28,000

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buildings mhm. The initial death toll was estimated at some 500. More recent research has pushed the number of dead to 3000. Yeah, yeah, a tragedy in every way. The damage to San Francisco was estimated at $1 billion but the city would rebuild. On the Washington Street

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wharf, Banker A. P. Giannini began making loans from the $80,000 he was able to save on the day of the quake. Giannini, who would build his bank into the world's largest, the Bank of America, was not alone in trying to renew San Francisco's once promising future.

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In the 10 days after the quake, 220 marriage licenses were issued. In May, thousands of homes were able to use their gastos. 23 street lamps were also turned on. By autumn, there were 40 workers doing business in the city. But during the city's reconstruction, it's heart

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and soul were again severely challenged, a second outbreak of the bubonic plague killed 77 people. The San Francisco school board adopted a policy of racial discrimination preventing Japanese students from attending the same schools with white Children. As for the corrupt administration of Mayor Schmitz and boss

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Abe Roof, Justice had finally caught up with him. It seemed the entire city was involved in the scandal. Corruption was so widespread that over 3000 indictments were issued during a five year period in what were known as the graft trials. Schmitz and Roof were both found

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guilty of extortion. The mayor's conviction was later overturned, but Boss Roof served almost five years in San Quentin Prison. Roof was the only one who ever went to jail. As Lincoln Steffens later on said nothing was learned from the graft prosecution at all. Nothing except that

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money could buy anything in San Francisco. At that time, San Francisco had endured a wrenching transformation, which saw most of its physical and political structures completely obliterated, then rebuilt like the proverbial phoenix, a mythological bird symbolizing death and resurrection. San Francisco had risen from its own

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ashes. It had survived an apocalypse. When we return to the 1st 150 years. San Francisco celebrates the age of Sunny Jim and welcomes the Roaring Twenties. We now return to K. R. O N s Bay Area 2000, San Francisco The 1st 150 years. On Christmas Eve

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of 1910, a quarter of a million people gathered along Market Street to hear opera singer Luisa Tetrazzini. The next year, San Francisco Symphony was formed and women's suffrage was approved by the California electorate. And in 1912, when women in San Francisco voted for the first time,

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James Sunny Jim Rolph Jr was the city's new mayor. They called Ralph Sonny Jim because he was always sunny. He was always effervescent, smiling. He was famous for his, uh, fresh booty near a carnation in his lapel. Everybody loved this man. The charismatic Sonny Jim personified

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the Hollywood image of the big city mayor. But Ralph also had grand ambitions for San Francisco. As mayor for the next 19 years, he presided over a golden age of building and expansion. Crown jewel in the age of Ralph was the new $3.5 million city hall.

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I think that that really is San Francisco's great period, the one that we look back on with great fondness and nostalgia. 1915 San Francisco hosted the spectacular New World's Fair, built to commemorate the opening of the Panama Canal. The fair was also a celebration of the

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city's recovery from the 19 oh six earthquake located in the Marina district. Admission was 50 cents, and from opening day its appeal was irresistible. Visitors were entertained by a charming mix of exhibitions, amusements and magnificent monuments like the Tower of Jewels. The famous also came to

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the fair. Henry Ford, Thomas Edison, John Philip Sousa and his 65 piece band and the daredevil father of aerobatics Lincoln Beachy. Mhm, Yeah. Born and raised in San Francisco, Beachy was described by Orville Wright as the most wonderful aviator the world has yet seen. Beaches. Popularity

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was staggering. 17 million people saw him in 1914 alone. 30 million people saw him in his in his career. March 14th was designated Lincoln Beachy Day, and thousands gathered to watch him perform a routine called the Dive of Death. And just as he went to pull

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out of the dive, the wings snapback one than the other. This picture was taken moments before Bitchy crashed into San Francisco Bay. He landed right there, smack into the bay, estimated 190 miles an hour. Lincoln Beachy, the man who owned the sky, was dead at the

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age of 28. He drowned in front of a quarter of a million people on Bt Day in 35 ft of water. Nine months later, the fair came to a close. It had been an overwhelming success. 19 million people attended. One of the few buildings left standing

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was the palace of fine arts. It became an enduring symbol of the city's renaissance. I think in architectural terms, the Palace of Fine Arts, uh, suggests to San Francisco that there will always will be ruins. There will always be a sense of lost time, and here

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in this in this in this dome and in these columns would be incorporated. The reverberations of the Lost City Here is the place in which you could both mourn the past and celebrate the recovery of the city. On the warm Saturday afternoon of July 2019, 16

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over 50 San Franciscans turned out for the Preparedness Day parade. It's patriotic theme, advocating that America should be prepared to enter the war in Europe. But the parade was also a lightning rod in the city's bitter class warfare. A month before, two men were killed during

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a longshoreman strike, and while the business community was in complete support of the parade, the trade unions were deeply opposed. San Francisco was a tense, divided city at four minutes after two disaster struck at the crowded street corner of Stewart and Market, a bomb exploded just

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outside the exchange saloon. Some who were standing nearby were blown apart, killed instantly. Fear, hysteria and shock grip San Francisco. 40 were injured and nine were dead Within days. Thomas Mooney, a militant socialist, and Warren Billings, an ex convict, were arrested two months later. Both men

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were found guilty of first degree murder. Billings was sentenced to life in prison. Muni received the death sentence, but their convictions set off. A controversy here and abroad, with accusations that are rushed to judgment produced a frame up. In fact, a key witness committed perjury. Years

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later, a federal investigation concluded that the wrong men had been convicted, but money and billings remained in prison until 1939. Their release from prison was seen by most as final vindication of the fact that they had been wrongfully convicted that they had that they were innocent

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men who had spent 20 years in prison. In the spring of 1917 San Franciscans were dancing the cakewalk and the Texas Tommy in the city's naughty Barbary Coast district. The music was the blues, boogie Woogie and jazz. But in April, when America entered the war in

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Europe, the dancing stop the city's patriotic young men who had partied the night away accepted President Woodrow Wilson's challenge to make the world safe for democracy. Because so many from San Francisco joined. The Army's 363rd Infantry Regiment unit was called San Francisco Zone on September 26

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1918, 3, 63rd experienced its first combat at the Battle of the Meuse Argonne. At 5:30 a.m. The unit left it's open trenches, went over the top and encountered a massive German stronghold and quickly became a killing ground. Sergeant Phillip Katz placed his life in harm's way

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to save another. Yeah, and what Sergeant Cats did was in front of all the German machine gun fire he ran up, grabbed the injured soldier and then brought him back to his own lines, and he was totally exposed the whole time. It was just a phenomenal

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thing for his bravery. The 23 year old soldier from San Francisco received the Congressional Medal of Honor. Two months later, the fighting in Europe stop Germany surrendered on November 11th, 1918. The signing of the armistice officially ended World War. In the spring of the next year,

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three 63rd came home. San Francisco celebrated their homecoming with a parade down market. Street mayors Sunny Jim Rolph offered the city's official welcome and thanked San Francisco zone for their sacrifice. Now it was time for the half million people who lived within the boundaries of San

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Francisco to get on with their lives, to look forward to a time of peace and prosperity. The twenties when hemlines got higher, morals got lower and the party never stopped. San Francisco marched to its own beat. Rambunctious, flamboyant, unconventional. When Prohibition came into effect on January

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17th, 1920 the city's gold rush heritage of sin and vice proceeded without interruption. Sunny Jim Rolph, the always charming Republican mayor, was determined to make sure everyone had a good time when the Democratic National Convention was held at the Civic Center and all the delegates were

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surprised when young women appeared at their hotel doors with bottles of not cough medicine. Bourbon whiskey. San Francisco also had great appeal to the newly minted film stars of Hollywood. The popularity of comedian Roscoe Fatty Arbuckle was second only to Charlie Chaplin. Arbuckle was a frequent

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visitor to the city, he and his pals because up to San Francisco on the train and throw giant huge sex orgy parties. And one of them was at the ST Francis Hotel in which a starlet named Virginia Rap was killed. Arbuckle was arrested, tried for murder

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three times and acquitted. Innocent or not, the fat man was finished as a movie star. He was no longer funny. He was dumped cold by by Hollywood, and he was. His career was over and ruined him. Despite the notoriety of the Arbuckle case, San Francisco and

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Hollywood maintained a mutual admiration society. A series of spectacular movie palaces were built up and down Market Street, the fox, the or Field and the war field Director Cecil B. DeMille, used the unfinished ST Peter and Paul's Church for scenes in the 1923 version of the

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10 Commandments at the Embarcadero, movie idol Rudolph Valentino played the role of a shanghaied sailor in Moran of the Lady Letty, 1927 a scene for the first talking picture. Al Jolson's The Jazz Singer was filmed in a Powell Street restaurant called Coffee Dan's, and after he

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sang his first song, The first words he said, were You ain't heard nothing yet. Yeah, The city also had a passion for baseball. Rooting for the popular San Francisco sues baseball team and stars like Yeah, sure Smead Jolley hometown hero Francis J. Lefty o dual. They

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won four Pacific Coast League titles, and they were so incredibly popular that even one season when they came in last place, they still had a higher attendance than any other team in the Pacific Coast League. Yeah, 1922. The city had its first licensed radio stations. The

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next year, the San Francisco Opera was formed and in November of 1920 for the richest woman in the American West, Society matron Alma Spreckels gave San Francisco one of its grand architectural icons. the museum called the Palace of the Legion of Honor, The Chronicle wrote that

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it was the most magnificent thing that had ever happened in San Francisco and the people that turned out for it among the wealthiest, well established families in the West. They came because they couldn't stay away. Even Alma's enemies and Good Lord, she had a lot of

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them all showed up in their finest. San Francisco was also building new neighborhoods filled by thousands of first time Homebuyers in the garages beneath their stucco bungalows. They parked their first cars, bought from the dozens of new dealerships on auto row Van Ness Avenue. By decade's

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end, a Sunday drive through Golden Gate Park reached the widest thoroughfare in the West. The Great Highway. Not far away, was the exclusive development of Sea Cliff, but it represented both the best and the worst of an expansive decade. Minorities were not welcome. There was also

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a renewal of the anti Japanese movement. They knew that they could not be a part of American society. American society made it very clear to them that they could not be a part of that society. The state legislature passed a new series of alien land laws

00:34:13.070 - 00:34:34.450

in 1920 prohibiting the Japanese from owning property. The Cable Act of 1922 blended racism and sexism in a pernicious attack on interracial marriage. Revoking US citizenship If a white woman married an Asian male mhm. And when the National Immigration Act of 1924 came into law, it

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effectively ended Japanese immigration into the United States. From a Japanese perspective, this was the ultimate insult. The Japanese, both in Japan and the United States, referred to July 1st 1924 as a day of national humiliation. The Japanese were political pariahs. The good times and galloping prosperity

00:34:59.770 - 00:35:22.260

of the twenties had become a painful period of rampant racism and exclusion and a harbinger of things to come mhm. As San Francisco's growing skyline shot upward, so did its population. It was over 600,000 by the end of the decade. Former Pinkerton Detective Daschle Hammett was

00:35:22.260 - 00:35:43.550

living on Post Street and writing his first novel, The Maltese Falcon. Four months after his historic transatlantic flight, Charles Lindbergh landed his spirit of ST Louis at San Francisco's brand new municipal airport. Mills Field President Warren G. Harding died in the Palace Hotel, 20 year old

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Philo T. Farnsworth produced the first electronic television image in his laboratory on Green Street. The O'Shaughnessy Dam was completed in the beautiful Hetch Hetchy valley of Yosemite. The new reservoir would provide San Francisco's expanding water and power needs. On San Francisco Bay, dozens of ferries traveled

00:36:03.520 - 00:36:23.340

every day from city to city, transporting over 40 million commuters a year through the ferry building. It was the busiest passenger terminal in the United States. The popular Sunny Jim Rolph was elected to an unprecedented fifth term as the city's mayor. San Francisco's growth seemed unstoppable.

00:36:25.230 - 00:36:50.520

Then came October 29th, 1929 Black. Tuesday, the stock market crashed and investors lost billions. San Francisco had shared in the golden prosperity of the Roaring Twenties. But the good fortune, which had marked the city's remarkable growth and industrial piece, was on the brink of disaster. Almost

00:36:50.520 - 00:37:28.600

overnight, the 10 year party was over. When we return to the 1st 150 years, the Great Depression and the building of the Golden Gate Bridge, you're watching K. R. O N s Bay Area 2000, San Francisco, the 1st 150 years, right? Mm. 1930. The first year

00:37:28.600 - 00:37:50.360

of the Great Depression, when industrial America turned into a nightmare land of poverty and despair. 1933 when Franklin Roosevelt was America's new president, 13 million people were out of work in Oakland. Many tried to find comfort, living in a place called Pipe City. San Francisco also

00:37:50.360 - 00:38:07.540

headed share of soup kitchens and bread lines. Some of the most dramatic scenes in San Francisco in the early 19 thirties, where the long lines of men lined up south of Market Street or on the Embarcadero, waiting to get a meal from a soup kitchen. But

00:38:07.540 - 00:38:26.150

because San Francisco's economy differed from the industrial cities of America, the early shock waves of the Depression were not quite as devastating. San Franciscans tried to make the best of bad times. There were the world famous Sutro Baths and the amusement park Playland at the beach.

00:38:26.520 - 00:38:43.910

There was dancing under the stars. At the Rose Bowl in Clarksburg, 20 cents bought a ticket to the best movie theaters. 75 cents. A seven course Italian feast in North Beach. Nightclubs like the Forbidden City and the Ball Tavern had floor shows. At four in the

00:38:43.910 - 00:39:04.780

morning, the famous Sally Rand performed at the music box on O'Farrell Street with her exotic fans and little else. But in the summer of 1934 San Francisco was an angry city. A brutal longshoremen strike had shut down the waterfront. On the morning of July 5th, the

00:39:04.780 - 00:39:26.150

strike turned deadly at Pier 38. As strikebreakers were moving their trucks through picket lines, fighting broke out. It quickly became a war. Rocks and bottles were thrown at cops swinging nightsticks. There were fistfights between scabs and union men. Goods dumped from overturned trucks littered the streets.

00:39:26.370 - 00:39:43.640

Tear gas filled the air. There was also the sound of gunshots. The police tried to consolidate the crowd of strikers, and by early afternoon had had pushed many of them into the area around the intersection of Stewart and Mission Street, just a few doors away from

00:39:43.640 - 00:40:01.300

Union headquarters. A police car then pulled into the center of that intersection to policeman, got out and began firing into the crowd as people scattered. Two men were shot dead when the violence stopped. Over 100 had been injured. A critical moment in the city's long and

00:40:01.300 - 00:40:21.800

difficult labor history. The battle was called bloody Thursday. It's perhaps the most important strike of the 20th century for organized labor in San Francisco and maybe even the whole Pacific Coast. By the end of July, the waterfront strike was over. Both sides claimed victory, but after

00:40:21.800 - 00:40:48.420

federal arbitration was implemented, the longshoremen had better wages, a six hour day and control of their own hiring hall. It was a resounding defeat for the Industrial Association and a rebirth of unions in San Francisco. Hello in the car. In the depths of the Depression, practically

00:40:48.430 - 00:41:07.160

every Bay Area home had a radio. A turn of the dial brought anyone from Fibber McGee to President Roosevelt right into the family living room. Alcatraz Island had become a federal penitentiary, home to convicted Gangsters like Al Capone. COIT Tower was built on top of Telegraph

00:41:07.160 - 00:41:28.030

Hill, but it was the construction of two bridges, which put hundreds back to work and captured San Francisco's imagination. In July of 1933 construction began on the San Francisco Oakland Bay Bridge. It was a technological marvel. Concrete piers, which were sunk deep into the mud and

00:41:28.030 - 00:41:49.060

bedrock of the bay, supported 4 500 ft towers. There was a cantilever section from Oakland to Yerba Buena Island. A tunnel was built through the island connecting the east and west spans. When the Bay Bridge opened on November 12th, 1936 it measured 8.5 miles, the longest

00:41:49.070 - 00:42:10.910

bridge in the world. According to one historian, it's $77 million cost was the greatest expenditure of funds ever used for the construction of a single structure in the history of man. Construction on the Golden Gate Bridge also began in 1933 and working conditions were difficult and

00:42:10.910 - 00:42:25.730

extremely dangerous, in addition to the constant winds, fog and cold. There was an earthquake, and I interviewed a man who was up there and he said the things suede, they all yelled. Here we go and went all the way in one direction, and then it would

00:42:25.730 - 00:42:45.580

sway. Back on the morning of February 17th, 1937 a safety net broke underneath the bridge. The platform, which rolled on castors, tipped and fell into the net. The platform weighed five tons, and it took 13 men down with it. 10 men were killed when they fell

00:42:45.580 - 00:43:08.380

into the treacherous waters below. Four months later, the bridge was completed. On May 28th, 1937 a quarter of a million people celebrated the opening of the Golden Gate Bridge, a captivating structure painted international orange, 80,000 miles of cable and 100,000 tons of steel were used in

00:43:08.380 - 00:43:33.520

its $35 million construction. If engineering can be art, that's it. It's one of the two structures, along with the Statue of Liberty that suggests the breath and promise of America. By the end of the thirties, Herb Cain was writing a column for the San Francisco Chronicle.

00:43:35.000 - 00:43:57.440

A popular female impersonators at Pinocchio's on Broadway were scandalizing the North Beach entertainment scene. Aviator Amelia Earhart departed from Oakland to continue her trip around the world, but Erhard vanished in the Pacific. A mystery to this day 1939 San Francisco again played host to a world's

00:43:57.440 - 00:44:13.950

fair, this time at Treasure Island. Its theme was peace and unity. It was a very festive time was borrowed. Time Harbor. It was the kind of hilarity that comes a kind of exhilaration that comes before great danger, and the city knew that it would be involved

00:44:13.950 - 00:44:40.950

in the war as visitors enjoyed the fairs magical and lighthearted atmosphere, America's future was once again uncertain. Within a generation, the world was on the brink of another terrible war. Treasure Island would be San Francisco's last good time. Yeah, when we returned to the 1st 150

00:44:40.950 - 00:45:11.080

years San Francisco and World War Two Mhm. We now return to K r. O N is the 1st 150 years brought to you by Lexus. Who knew driving Alexis could be so exhilarating? Mhm, Yeah. Okay. On December 7th, 1941 the Japanese bombed the United States Naval

00:45:11.080 - 00:45:32.490

Base at Pearl Harbor. The surprise attack occurred on Sunday morning, just before 8 a.m. The destruction was devastating. America's Pacific Fleet was bombed into near extinction among the 19 Navy vessels destroyed or badly damaged. Eight battleships, 2300 g. I s lost their lives. The next day,

00:45:32.600 - 00:46:01.830

the United States declared war on Japan December 7th 1941 mhm a date which will live in infamy. Oh, yeah. Mhm. The impact on San Francisco was immediate and dramatic. There were men in uniform everywhere. It's busy factories and waterfront in constant motion. The city became the

00:46:01.830 - 00:46:20.810

major Pacific port for the American war machine, 23 million tons of goods and supplies, and 1.5 million soldiers and sailors shipped out from Fort Mason. For many GIs who said their goodbyes at the ST Francis or waved to loved ones on Telegraph Hill, sailing through the

00:46:20.810 - 00:46:37.100

Golden Gate would be their last sight of home. Mhm. Yeah, The demands of war also had a major effect on the Bay Area's ship building business. It became one of the busiest in the world because of the great need for ships carrying men and munitions to

00:46:37.100 - 00:47:01.500

the scattered battlefronts at the busy assembly lines in Sausalito, Oakland Hunters Point and the Kaiser Shipyards in Richmond, thousands of welders and machinists worked around the clock seven days a week. In three years, over 500 liberty ships were built in Richmond. Mhm, mhm, yeah, mhm. But

00:47:01.500 - 00:47:25.360

the $3 billion ship building industry also created a major social change in the Bay Area. Mhm. At the peak year 1943 44 of Kaiser employment, um, the shipyards employed between 10,200 workers, some 25% of whom we estimate are black. They were members of what is called

00:47:25.370 - 00:47:48.680

the second great Black Migration. Half a million, most from the segregated South came to California for jobs and liberation. It said that the most frequently given gift to a black graduate in the South was either a train ticket or a bus ticket to California. Mhm. On

00:47:48.680 - 00:48:09.870

the eve of the war, there were some 20 0 blacks in the Bay Area, 1945. The number was over 125,000 mhm thriving black communities were established in Richmond, neighboring Oakland and San Francisco. Though they would encounter racism, blacks did not leave. You have to remember that

00:48:09.880 - 00:48:30.580

many of these people came hoping to stay. It's that we have sunk down roots here now. They liked California. They liked what their lives have become. One of the war's most shameful episodes, however, occurred soon after the bombing of Pearl Harbor. Fear and outrage sparked a

00:48:30.580 - 00:48:52.080

renewal of anti Japanese bigotry. In February of 1942 President Roosevelt authorized the relocation of all citizens of Japanese ancestry on the West Coast to internment camps. Of the 120 men, women and Children who were removed from their homes and businesses. Two thirds were US born citizens.

00:48:52.670 - 00:49:10.400

They didn't believe it was really going to happen to them because they kept saying over and over a while. After all, I'm an American. 4800 Japanese Americans from San Francisco were sent to Topaz, Utah, one of 10 such relocation camps scattered throughout the West. Bleak and

00:49:10.400 - 00:49:32.290

desolate, the camps were surrounded by barbed wire and armed guards placed into detention prisoners of our own country without trial, without any kind of, uh, recourse for us to improve our own loyalty or our innocence. But in February of 1943 in one of the strange twists

00:49:32.290 - 00:49:52.350

of the relocation policy, the federal government gave the camps young men a chance to demonstrate their loyalty. Japanese Americans were allowed to join the United States Army placed in segregated units. The most famous was the 442nd Regimental Combat Team, whose volunteer soldiers fought and died in

00:49:52.350 - 00:50:16.730

Europe with its motto of Go for Broke, A 442nd became the most decorated unit in American military history. They were willing to do this because they knew This was the only way we could prove ourselves loyal as Americans. It's a legacy they have left us. It's

00:50:16.730 - 00:50:42.820

an A. It's an amazing legacy. 35 miles northeast of San Francisco, there was another homefront tragedy on July 17th, 1940 for a munitions explosion at the Port Chicago Naval Depot killed 320 sailors, 202 of them black. It actually had the force of a small nuclear detonation.

00:50:42.990 - 00:51:00.900

It did damage as far away as San Francisco. It was felt as far away as Nevada, the ship in which the explosion occurred, the A Brian was literally vaporized and no large pieces of it were ever found. Two weeks later, 258 black sailors refused to return

00:51:00.900 - 00:51:22.560

to work because of unsafe conditions. They were afraid that something like this would happen again. Eventually, 208 resumed their duties. All received a summary courts martial. The remaining 50 however, were charged with the crime of mutiny punishable by death. When the trial was held at the

00:51:22.560 - 00:51:38.820

Treasure Island Naval Station that fall, it was the largest mass mutiny trial in U. S. Naval history. Defense attorney general development who himself was white, noted that in conversations with the senior officers on the court who are also all right, one of them said to him,

00:51:38.850 - 00:52:06.380

We're going to find them guilty. In a time when segregation and racism defined America's military, the 50 black sailors were found guilty. They each received 15 year prison sentences and dishonorable discharges. All were released from prison in 1946 and remained convicted mutineers to this day. Mhm.

00:52:08.110 - 00:52:26.710

In May of 1945 the Nazis surrendered. Hitler was dead. The killing and genocide in Europe had finally ended the next month. On June 26th at San Francisco's War Memorial Opera House, the new Charter of the United Nations was officially signed a proud day in the city's

00:52:26.710 - 00:52:46.830

history. San Francisco was the birthplace of the U. N. Yeah. Three weeks later, on July 16th, the first atomic bomb was successfully tested in the New Mexico desert. Called the Manhattan Project. The university and scientific community from Berkeley played a major role in the bombs research

00:52:46.830 - 00:53:11.070

and development. Dr. J. Robert Oppenheimer, a UC physicist, was in charge of the project. Less than a month later, the United States dropped the atomic bomb on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. On August 15th, 1945 Japan officially surrendered, ending World War two. San Francisco

00:53:11.070 - 00:53:29.550

joined all of America in celebration, and when the war happened, this undiscovered even are suddenly discovered by millions of service members who came through here and thought to themselves, If we ever get out of this alive, we're going to come back here. To live in a

00:53:29.550 - 00:53:51.980

place which offered new beginnings and second chances, San Francisco's Postwar population jumped to almost 800,000. But the war had also changed the city's identity, its sense of strategic importance. It was no longer the provincial, fog covered kingdom of Baghdad by the bay. San Francisco had become

00:53:51.990 - 00:54:21.400

a major world city. When we return to the 1st 150 years, the Beat Generation and the giants come to town. We now return to K. R. O N s Bay Area 2000, San Francisco. The 1st 150 years. It was the decade of rock n roll, the

00:54:21.400 - 00:54:44.390

Korean War and the man in the gray flannel suit. The fifties were also a time when the American economy experienced the greatest prosperity in its history. Thanks a million 1951 television was available nationwide. Millions watched comedian Milton Berle, the medium's first big star. There was also

00:54:44.390 - 00:55:03.940

Ed Sullivan's Variety Hour and Ozzie and Harriet. Television also brought real life into the American living room. When Senator Joe McCarthy was hunting Communists at the State Department and Hollywood, it was television which captured the nation's growing paranoia. Were you a member of the Communist Party

00:55:03.940 - 00:55:23.270

while you're handling classified material for the government? America's fear of communism had reached UC Berkeley, where a loyalty oath had been introduced. Among those who refused to sign was Charles Muscatine, an assistant professor in the university's English department. Muscatine was also a decorated Navy veteran of

00:55:23.270 - 00:55:42.000

World War Two on D Day, June 6th, 1944. He served at the Normandy invasion of Omaha Beach. No, I've never been a Communist nor a Communist sympathizer, but what I am is a staunch believer in civil liberties and in the Constitution of the United States. Muscatine

00:55:42.000 - 00:55:58.180

was one of 31 faculty members in the UC system who were fired and I was teaching writing. I was trying to get the kids to tell it the way it is to be fair and accurate and honest. And I thought I couldn't face those students if

00:55:58.180 - 00:56:22.350

I had violated my own principles in public. 1952 The California Supreme Court ordered the Board of Regions to reinstate the fired professors. There were small congratulations, but there was no sense of exultation. It had taken too much out of all of us. America's fascination and love

00:56:22.350 - 00:56:40.470

affair with the automobile also became an obsession in the cities and suburbs of the Bay Area. But as cruising became part of the courting dance from San Jose to San Rafel, the freeway revolt began in San Francisco. Outraged residents were trying to prevent their city from

00:56:40.470 - 00:57:05.290

being carved up by a concrete web of expressways. Oh, 1954. Joe DiMaggio married Marilyn Monroe at San Francisco City Hall. All Americans Bill Russell and K. C. Jones led the University of San Francisco two consecutive N. C. Double A basketball championships in 1955 and 56 at

00:57:05.290 - 00:57:25.850

the Cow Palace, the Republican National Convention nominated Dwight Eisenhower to run for president once again. And in North Beach, Enrico Banducci opened one of the most important night clubs in America. The hungry. I meant hungry. ID the inner man, hungry for knowledge, hungry for getting out

00:57:25.850 - 00:57:50.210

of himself. I guess. Whatever it was, it was wonderful. Banducci showcased a future Who's Who of entertainment Royalty. Barbara Stri ST Woody Allen, Bill Cosby, Richard Pryor, Dick Gregory The Hungry Eyes Innovative reputation was established by the new breed of comedy and comics like Mort Saul

00:57:50.340 - 00:58:07.440

and Lenny Bruce, whose sharp wit cut into American values and politics as never before. Anyone that had something to say. You could say it at the hungry. I they felt they were. They couldn't say it in any place else. There was another Cultural Revolution building in

00:58:07.440 - 00:58:25.110

San Francisco. I saw the best minds of my generation destroyed by madness. Poem was called Hollow, and it was written by a young poet named Allen Ginsberg. When Ginsberg read the poem in October of 1955 at the Six Gallery on Fillmore Street, it was the defining

00:58:25.110 - 00:58:44.530

moment of the beat generation. Allen Ginsberg really created the beat generation out of whole cloth. Without him, there wouldn't have been any beat generation. There would have been just separate great writers in the landscape. Mm North Beach was the heart of the beat generation, a bohemian

00:58:44.530 - 00:59:05.880

land of jazz joints and coffee houses populated with artists and writers like Jack Kerouac, William Burroughs and Neil Cassidy. These cynical new apostles of free expression we're trying to awaken in America they viewed as spiritually empty. Mainstream American culture tried very, very hard to marginalize the

00:59:05.880 - 00:59:22.860

beats as beatniks, which also reflected America's view that the beats were somehow suspect and potentially even communist, and that therefore they should be marginalized and should be watched very closely and even censored, if necessary. When Howell was printed by City Lights bookstore owner Lawrence Ferlinghetti, he

00:59:22.860 - 00:59:42.330

was arrested for publishing and selling obscenity that seemed to question political, social sexual morays and conventions and seemed to really sunder them and sort of pull the rug out from under mainstream American society. Fallon Getty's trial ended in a landmark decision when the judge ruled that

00:59:42.330 - 01:00:03.610

Howell was protected by the First Amendment and was not obscene. He set a precedent which was held up all these years, that you could not judge work obscene if it had the slightest redeeming social significance that was the important phrase, 1958 Major league baseball arrived in

01:00:03.610 - 01:00:20.230

San Francisco when the Giants left New York for the Golden Promise of California. The city celebrated the team's arrival with a ticker tape parade down Market Street. It was the beginning of a baseball love affair with the Giants and players like the great Willie Mays, Orlando

01:00:20.230 - 01:00:39.790

Cepeda and Willie McCovey in the first major league baseball game ever played west of the Mississippi Seals Stadium was filled to capacity with 23,000 adoring fans. San Francisco defeated the Los Angeles Dodgers eight to nothing. We must be ready every day, all the time to do

01:00:39.790 - 01:00:59.170

the right thing. If the atomic bomb explodes, duck and cover the arms race with the Soviet Union made air raid drills an integral part of people's lives. The American economy slumped for the first time since the Depression, when the Russians beat the US into space in

01:00:59.170 - 01:01:19.250

1959 when the Giants finished in a disappointing third place, Nikita Khrushchev, the leader of America's Cold War enemy, was visiting San Francisco. The smiling premier did not seem very evil at all. He was applauded, and there was a great famous remark I'm not sure I know

01:01:19.250 - 01:01:41.430

who made it. What kind of a city of San Francisco that applauds Khrushchev and booze? Willie Mays. It was the eve of the sixties when even greater change and turmoil was about to happen. San Francisco in the Bay Area would be ground zero. Yeah, when we

01:01:41.430 - 01:02:20.910

return to the 1st 150 years, a decade like no other. The sixties we now return to K R. O. N is the 1st 150 years. Yeah, yeah, Mm, the sixties. Defiant, painful, unforgettable. On opening night at the Fairmont Hotel, singer Tony Bennett performed a new song,

01:02:20.920 - 01:02:41.940

I Left My Heart. In San Francisco, voters approved an $800 million bond measure to build the Bay Area's ambitious new rapid transit system part. It was also a tense and dangerous time in the ongoing Cold War. In May of 1960 U two, spy pilot Gary Powers

01:02:41.940 - 01:03:08.010

was shut down over Russia at San Francisco's City Hall. Hugh Attack, The House UN American Activities Committee was holding hearings, looking for communists. Didn't you think that I am going to cooperate with this collection of Judas? Is there were angry protests and confrontations. People were gripped

01:03:08.010 - 01:03:28.670

with fear. They were white, with fear white with fear. San Francisco state professor Art Berman helped organize a group called Safe San Franciscans for academic freedom and Education. Berman believed HUAC was on a witch hunt, and I had been opposed to them for many years because

01:03:28.680 - 01:03:50.970

I thought they were the most serious threat to American democracy that existed. On May 13th, hundreds arrived for a second day of demonstrations. It turned into a violent confrontation. Total stunned surprise, not no warning whatsoever. 64 demonstrators were arrested. 12 were hospitalized with injuries. I think

01:03:50.970 - 01:04:11.020

this is one of the most defining political events, uh, in the 20th century, and if they couldn't be beaten, there was no hope for us to have any rational democracy left. The sixties quickly became a shattering journey filled with hostility and confusion. US. Army advisers were

01:04:11.020 - 01:04:32.920

dying in Vietnam. The Cuban missile crisis threatened the world with nuclear confrontation. When President John F. Kennedy was assassinated in Dallas, America was overwhelmed with despair and grief. The struggle for civil rights in the south became more violent in Mississippi, in Selma, in Montgomery, there was

01:04:32.920 - 01:04:49.520

also a civil rights fight in the Bay Area, where blacks were being discriminated against when they tried to rent or buy a home in all white neighborhoods. At UC Berkeley, student activism turned the campus into a raging center of social protest. Radical politics and the free

01:04:49.520 - 01:05:10.010

speech movement. Vietnam War began to break the nation into for and against patriotism versus bearded hippies, drugs, sex and rock and roll. And you've got to put your bodies upon the gears and upon the wheels. Led by student leaders like the charismatic 21 year old Mario

01:05:10.010 - 01:05:38.320

Savio, Berkeley grew defiant, the anti war movement more violent. And as the sixties were on, they got further and further apart. And this produced the dynamic of violence. The entertainment scene in San Francisco's North Beach was also undergoing its own tumultuous transformation. On June 19th, 1964

01:05:38.330 - 01:05:59.130

at a Broadway nightclub called the Condor, a young dancer, Carol Doda, started the topless craze. In August, the Beatles made their first appearance in San Francisco. Two years later at Candlestick Park, the British rock and roll group performed for the last time. Not long after the

01:05:59.130 - 01:06:21.040

Beatles broke up and went their separate ways. Yeah. While the Beatles were making headlines around the world, San Francisco's Haight Ashbury was offering a new universe a hippie counterculture of peace, love and flower Children. Galaxy guru Timothy Leary offered his blessing in San Francisco. I see

01:06:21.040 - 01:06:43.290

flowers. I listened to flutes I see searching young people looking for beauty. San Francisco was also center stage for the explosion in rock music. The Fillmore Auditorium and the Avalon Ballroom featured new groups like Grace Slick and the Jefferson Airplane, Janis Joplin and Big Brother and

01:06:43.290 - 01:07:02.970

the holding company Jerry Garcia and the Grateful Dead. Mm. The San Francisco Sound also inspired Jann Wenner, a 21 year old UC Berkeley dropout, to publish a new magazine in San Francisco called Rolling Stone. Ben Fong Torres was a writer for the influential magazine covering the

01:07:02.970 - 01:07:22.720

music and the impresario of the film or the legendary Bill Graham. The words tyrant, genius, humanitarian have and can still all be applied to him. He also had a true and deep passion for music. He would bring in gospel. He would bring in blues. He brought

01:07:22.720 - 01:07:44.270

in a Russian poet he bought in Lenny Bruce. He had it all at the Fillmore Mm. As rock n roll became the anthem of the sixties, the idealism of the hippies was beginning to fade. Love, hope and brotherhood were now fragile flowers. The drug culture had

01:07:44.270 - 01:08:02.810

gone haywire when a ceremony announced the death of hippie. The summer of love was over. Martin Luther King, Poor boy, is, is under the influence of the box. She's the under the control over the mountains and has been used by the fox. Is the country's racial

01:08:02.810 - 01:08:22.630

divide continued to deepen. A growing number of African Americans shared the militant views of Muslim leader Malcolm X. Amid the angry cries of black power, riots broke out in the urban ghettos across America. In Oakland, the Black Panther Party was formed in 1966 to fight police

01:08:22.630 - 01:08:40.690

brutality. Mhm, but Panther leaders Huey Newton and Bobby Seale also wanted better housing and jobs for blacks. They started off with a very modest agenda, after all, which was, uh, civil rights. However, when you do it with a gun and you can find the power of

01:08:40.690 - 01:08:58.200

the state, you can expect a reaction. And that's what happened. Mhm. The existence of the Black Panthers started to crumble with the arrest and trial of Huey Newton, Newton was accused of killing an Oakland policemen in a 1967 shootout. If you want war that there be

01:08:58.200 - 01:09:17.170

war, this is what we're saying. Is that clear? The Panthers struggle for social justice became more violent. Many went to jail, fled the country or were buried 6 ft under. FBI Director J. Edgar Hoover called the Panthers the greatest threat to the internal security of the

01:09:17.170 - 01:09:40.440

country. The state will come forward, uh, and to use a metaphor, they would use a tank to swat a fly. And that's what happens to the Panthers. They are a bloody rated. America's Bloodlust continued in April of 1968. Martin Luther King was assassinated in Memphis. In

01:09:40.440 - 01:10:00.110

June, presidential candidate Bobby Kennedy was murdered in Los Angeles. In August, anti war demonstrations at the Democratic National Convention in Chicago turned into a wild street riot. In November, a bitter strike shut down the campus at San Francisco State. It was the longest student strike in

01:10:00.110 - 01:10:21.120

U. S. History and ended five months later with the creation of a black studies department. The cries of red power became a dramatic new addition to the anger and discontent of the sixties. In the early morning hours of November 20th, 1969 a group of some 90

01:10:21.120 - 01:10:48.750

American Indians seized control of Alcatraz Island. Their goal was to reclaim ancestral lands and awaken the country to the plight of all Native Americans. Mhm. It seemed this unprecedented and momentous time of social and political rebellion had no end. When we return to the 1st 150

01:10:48.750 - 01:11:28.360

years gay liberation and murder in Jonestown Yeah, you're watching K r o N s Bay Area 2000, San Francisco, the 1st 150 years. I must put the interests of America first. Therefore, I shall resign the presidency, effective at noon tomorrow. In the seventies, some 2000 men

01:11:28.360 - 01:11:49.820

and women participated in San Francisco's first gay parade. In the rolling hills of Marin and Sonoma, the artist Christo erected the biggest work of art the Bay Area had ever seen running fence 18 ft high and 24 miles long, Dianne Feinstein became the first female president

01:11:49.820 - 01:12:08.860

of San Francisco's Board of Supervisors. It was also a decade of feminism, women's lib and male chauvinist pigs in a reversal of roles. Men were stripping for women. Women were San Francisco cops, and for the first time in its history, women were running in the bay

01:12:08.860 - 01:12:33.090

to breakers. But San Francisco and the Bay Area were also plagued by violence. The angst of the sixties had escalated 19 seventies. You have a volatile condition here of mutual demonisation, a psychology of antagonism, And this creates an environment in which extremists of all sorts surface.

01:12:33.130 - 01:12:53.760

There were the deadly Chinatown gang wars, the Zodiac killings and attempted assassination of President Ford. Outside the ST Francis Hotel, 19 year old Patty Hearst was abducted from her Berkeley apartment by the Symbionese Liberation Army. A failed hostage attempt at the Marin County Courthouse erupted into

01:12:53.760 - 01:13:12.340

a shootout, which left four dead, including the judge in one of San Quentin's bloodiest battles. Prison inmate and solid add brother George Jackson was killed along with three guards and two other convicts. There was also a series of brutal street attacks in San Francisco known as

01:13:12.480 - 01:13:35.970

the Zebra killings. It was an extremely ah tense time in San Francisco because people were being murdered randomly all over the city. The reign of terror began in October of 1973 and within six months, 14 people have been murdered. Art Agnos was shot and wounded by

01:13:35.970 - 01:13:54.860

a gunman outside a childcare center in Portrayal Hill that it turned out to be a very radical, bizarre sect of some Muslim group that required killing a white person in order to get into this very small sect. Four black men were arrested and charged with the

01:13:54.860 - 01:14:18.700

crimes. Prosecutors maintained that the suspects were trying to start a race war. They were convicted and sentenced to life in prison. On April 30th, 1975 America's longest and most unpopular war came to an end. When the last U. S helicopter left Saigon, South Vietnam had surrendered.

01:14:19.460 - 01:14:41.680

Communists were victorious. It had been a long and bitter journey for America. A terrible war had been fought in its streets as well. The legacy was devastating. 58,000 g. I s lost their lives in a war that was never officially declared Mm. Because the country had

01:14:41.680 - 01:15:04.710

suffered for so long. Americans now seem to turn inward in search of healing and spiritual relief, from group therapy to Eastern religions, from cults to Werner Erhard and the human potential movement. Mhm thanks. It was also a time for heroes. The Oakland Athletics had future Hall

01:15:04.710 - 01:15:23.620

of Famers like Jim Catfish Hunter and Reggie Jackson had a reputation for fighting amongst themselves. But from 1972 to 70 for the A's were the champions of Major League Baseball. Led by coach Al Adel's and All Star forward Rick Barry, the Golden State Warriors defeated the

01:15:23.620 - 01:15:48.530

Washington Bullets in four games to win the 1975 NBA championship. 1977. The Oakland Raiders won their first Super Bowl when they defeated the Minnesota Vikings, 32 to 14. Yeah, described as the Hells Angels in football uniforms, it was owner Al Davis who established the Raiders tough

01:15:48.530 - 01:16:10.610

attitude with his mantra. Just win, baby. Al Davis coveted these kinds of players. I mean, think of the players, the assassin, the mad store, the snake. He could have gotten Truman Capote to coach that team to a Super Bowl. In one of San Francisco's oldest working

01:16:10.610 - 01:16:31.090

class neighborhoods, thousands of new residents were creating a change of epic proportions, looking for freedom and acceptance. This new migration transformed the Eureka Valley into the gay capital of the world, the Castro district. There's a person care is a person care about his city or her

01:16:31.090 - 01:16:52.960

city. It was a time of gay liberation and gay political power. 1977 Camera store owner Harvey Milk won election to the San Francisco Board of Supervisors. Milk was the first openly gay elected official in the city's history. It was a major accomplishment. I mean, Harvey's election

01:16:53.210 - 01:17:12.940

sent shockwaves. I think, to the political parties all over the country made us euphoric. We can accomplish what the city's mayor was. George Moscone, who grew up in North Beach. My dad was a competitor. He wanted to win, whether it was on the playground, at the

01:17:12.940 - 01:17:33.930

polls or at a game of cards up in Tahoe. By November of 1978 the liberal mayor and the gay supervisor had become close allies. Among their political opponents was conservative supervisor Dan White, a former cop and fireman. White was disillusioned with his job. Decisions were not

01:17:33.930 - 01:17:49.450

made on the fair basis that they should have been made on their made because there were pressures, pressures applied and this is the system. I found that this is the way the system works After 10 months in office, White resigned but quickly changed his mind and

01:17:49.450 - 01:18:11.890

asked Mayor Mosconi to reappoint him. But tragedy interrupted the city's political turmoil. On November 17th in Jonestown, Guyana, California Congressman Leo Ryan and four others were murdered by subordinates of cult leader Jim Jones, the minister of Peoples Temple in San Francisco. Jones had convinced his followers

01:18:11.900 - 01:18:29.910

they could find Utopia in Jonestown. Congressman Ryan went to Jonestown to investigate reports of mistreatment. Jim was always planning to kill everybody within Jonestown. That's why I escape. That's why I was telling the world that he was planning to hurt everybody. And anybody that walked into

01:18:29.910 - 01:18:50.860

the madness was going to be hurt. Also, hours after the killing of Congressman Ryan, there was a mass murder suicide. Some 900 members of the commune drank Kool Aid laced with cyanide. Jim Jones was found shot to death. I recognize them. I know. I knew every

01:18:50.860 - 01:19:09.770

single person so well that when I just saw the backs of them, I knew who they were. I knew the mothers and the fathers. None of them wanted to die, None of them. 10 days later, San Francisco again stunned the world as president of the Board

01:19:09.770 - 01:19:34.880

of Supervisors. It's my duty to make this announcement. Both Mayor Moscone E. And Supervisor Harvey Milk have been shot and killed the suspect. His supervisor, Dan White, and I was 16 at the time, and I remember it like it was yesterday. Yeah, it was a San

01:19:34.880 - 01:19:57.190

Francisco policeman who told Christopher Mosconi about his father's death. I asked him what happened. What's going on, Your son? You don't know. I don't know what's going on. Your father has expired. Those exact words. On May 21st, 1979 Dan White was convicted of manslaughter and received

01:19:57.190 - 01:20:16.060

a seven year prison sentence. There was shock and outrage. A march on City Hall turned into a riot. The white knight riot. I think the white Knight ride happened simply because there was no containing the outrage. It was like a war zone. By the next day,

01:20:16.060 - 01:20:39.540

the violence had ended. It was Harvey Milk's birthday. Five years later, Dan White was released from prison not long after White committed suicide. I never forgive him because he took my father. In the last year of the seventies, Dianne Feinstein was the mayor of San Francisco.

01:20:40.010 - 01:21:01.650

Both the city and the new mayor were faced with a difficult burden of leading San Francisco back to respectability and a renewal of its sanity. Mhm, When we return to the 1st 150 years AIDS the Team of the Decade and the Second Gold Rush, K r

01:21:01.650 - 01:21:23.040

O N s Bay Area 2000 is brought to you by compact and by your Northern California Toyota dealers. And now the conclusion of K r. O. N is the 1st 150 years brought to you by Lexus. Who knew driving Alexis could be so exhilarating? Yeah, the

01:21:23.040 - 01:21:45.190

eighties it was Reaganomics, MTV rap and the PC Revolution. When to Steve's Jobs and Wozniak became multi millionaires with their Apple computer and kings of a new empire called Silicon Valley. The Pope John Paul the second offered his blessings to thousands. On his first official visit

01:21:45.200 - 01:22:05.380

to San Francisco in the 1982 Big game, Cal defeated Stanford in the last seconds with an improbable series of laterals called the play. And when Joe Montana and Dwight Clark of the San Francisco 49 ers made a connection, no one has ever forgotten a city was

01:22:05.380 - 01:22:28.290

changed. It happened with a minute remaining in the 1982 NFC championship game against the Dallas Cowboys. It was called the catch the 49 ers, 1 28 to 27. When I let it go, I figured it was up above his head, you know, and I didn't see

01:22:28.290 - 01:22:47.390

anything, but I was throwing it to him, which people don't believe. Two weeks later, the 49 ers won their first Super Bowl when they defeated the Cincinnati Bengals, 26 to 21. San Francisco's success continued through the eighties. They would win three more Super Bowls and become

01:22:47.390 - 01:23:10.050

the team of the decade. But the joy soon faded. The magic of the Castro and gay liberation was about to end when a new medical mystery appeared in San Francisco called gay pneumonia. Doctors later renamed it acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome AIDS. There's just a lot of

01:23:10.060 - 01:23:29.480

very frightened young people, and they died and he died very fast, and I watched and everybody watched and everyone became very frightened. As the numbers of the dying grew, San Francisco was faced with the biggest public health crisis in its history. San Francisco general opened the

01:23:29.480 - 01:23:52.600

city's first AIDS clinic, Ward five b. The gay bath houses were closed down, but aides was spiraling out of control. People just vanished and my boyfriend started dying. My roommate started dying. The mailman died mhm. The bus driver died. I was sure it would kill us

01:23:52.600 - 01:24:15.620

all. Mhm, yeah. Oh, there were other painful transformations in the eighties. It was a decade which suffered from excess greed, deregulation, crack cocaine, materialism and poverty. The poor and homeless were visible on San Francisco streets at places like Saint Anthony's Dining Hall and Glide Memorial Church.

01:24:17.390 - 01:24:35.510

The brutal civil wars in Central America doubled the Bay Area's Latino population to some 80,000. Many of the refugees from El Salvador and Guatemala came directly to the parish of ST Peter's in San Francisco's Mission District. People had no choice. They had to leave their countries.

01:24:35.990 - 01:24:55.720

They had to come okay. And they weren't met with a welcoming embraced by the US government. Because the U. S. Government would not grant political asylum to the growing number of refugees, the Bay Area became the birthplace of the sanctuary movement. The stranger is the presence

01:24:55.720 - 01:25:13.630

of God among us, And if we turn, our backs are closed the door in the face of someone in need. We have closed the door in the face of Christ 1987 with no end in sight to the AIDS epidemic. The first squares of a huge AIDS

01:25:13.630 - 01:25:36.750

quilt were being pieced together in a market street storefront. It was called the Names Project. The quilt says that all these lives were sacred, that all people are Children of God. All are deserving of love and care and compassion and respect. When the panels were taken

01:25:36.750 - 01:25:52.700

to Washington D. C, and spread out in full view of the nation, the sheer magnitude of the disease could not be denied. They are missed. They're not forgotten. And it doesn't matter if they were gay or straight or black or brown or white or young or

01:25:52.710 - 01:26:17.400

old. These people were loved. Okay. In the fall of 1989 the Bay Area was captivated by baseball's annual fall classic. It's too Major league baseball teams. The San Francisco Giants and the Oakland Athletics were playing against each other for the first time in World Series history.

01:26:17.880 - 01:26:38.250

Have my money bet on the age, but I'm rooting for the diets. October 17th, Some 62,000 fans were at Candlestick Park getting ready for the start of Game three. But at four minutes after five before a national television audience, the World Series was interrupted. No way!

01:26:38.260 - 01:27:07.250

Oh my God, we're having an earthquake way, I predicted. The Bay Bridge has collapsed on Oakland side. Ghastly cut. There's a gas leak. Let's go. Come on, back on the water. That's the Cyprus interchange. Mm. Called the Loma Prieta earthquake. It registered 69 on the Richter

01:27:07.250 - 01:27:35.020

scale. As the exhausting days wore on, rescue efforts continued around the clock. At Oakland's crumbled Cypress Freeway in San Francisco, hundreds of Marina residents were unable to return to their damaged homes. Yeah, the Marina District, a 36 block area, has been declared a disaster area. It

01:27:35.020 - 01:27:58.330

was a sad refrain, but a terrible tragedy had again touched the Bay Area. Over 60 people had been killed, 3700 injured. Damage was estimated at more than $6 billion. 10 days after the quake, the A's and Giants resumed World Series play. Oakland was victorious, defeating San

01:27:58.330 - 01:28:28.850

Francisco in four games. World champion the resumption of the Battle of the Bay was a powerful symbol of renewal, though it's people would rebuild once again, Mother Nature had the last word on the deck. Mm, the nineties, the last decade of the 20th century, full of

01:28:28.850 - 01:28:52.480

promise and pain. The Bay Area was entranced by the visit of Humphrey the wrong way. WHALE. Texas televangelist Larry Lee conducted prayer meetings before thousands and declared spiritual warfare on San Francisco. San Jose had a new professional hockey team, the Sharks. Convicted killer Robert Alton Harris

01:28:52.480 - 01:29:17.870

was executed at San Quentin. It was California's first execution in 25 years. As San Francisco and the Bay Area struggled to rebuild itself from the Loma Prieta earthquake, it faced another unforgiving force of nature. On Sunday morning, October 20th, 1991 a raging fire storm engulfed the

01:29:17.870 - 01:29:38.180

hillsides of north Oakland and southeast Berkeley, fanned by winds gusting up to 50 miles an hour. Home after home, neighborhood after neighborhood were wiped out. Yeah, come on out in the area. Five people had been evacuated, but the speed and fury of the fire was overwhelming.

01:29:38.970 - 01:30:06.510

Property and memories were turned to ash. Over 3000 homes were destroyed, 1800 acres charred black. 25 people were dead, 148 injured. An estimated $2 billion worth of property went up in smoke. 1992 Riots broke out in Los Angeles when an all white jury acquitted the L

01:30:06.510 - 01:30:28.930

A cops accused of beating Rodney King. Two days and two nights of arson and violence left 53 people dead and almost 2000 hurt. The rage in LA was shared by many in the Bay Area. Rioters swept through downtown San Francisco, setting fires, breaking store windows and

01:30:28.930 - 01:30:47.400

carting off stolen goods. Over 1000 people were arrested. Lot of people of color felt betrayed. A lot of people saw it as an opportunity to act out on anger that they had felt for a very long time. So much happened that just underscored that we are

01:30:47.410 - 01:31:08.440

a divided nation and that we cannot thrive as a divided nation. On July 1st, 1993 at one o'clock in the afternoon, a nightmare orgy of violence struck San Francisco. Gian Luigi Ferri gunned down eight people in 15 minutes on the 34th floor of one oh, one

01:31:08.440 - 01:31:29.040

California street. It was the worst mass killing in San Francisco history. Ferry was a man with a grudge, and by four o'clock police found him dead in a stairwell. Ferry had turned a gun on himself. Four months later, 12 year old Polly Klass was kidnapped at

01:31:29.040 - 01:31:48.840

knifepoint from her Petaluma bedroom during a slumber party with two friends. It was every parent's worst nightmare. I would say that this child is the is the light of our lives and that if we get her back safely, that's just the best possible thing that could

01:31:48.840 - 01:32:11.340

happen. Within days of Polly's kidnapping, the town of Petaluma sprang into action, staffing a volunteer centre, mailing and faxing millions of flyers making phone calls. Hanging posters. Yeah. Two months later, Richard Allen Davis, a career criminal, was arrested. Davis confessed to strangling Poly Class We. The

01:32:11.350 - 01:32:30.590

jury in the above entitled Action find the defendant, Richard Alan Davis, guilty of a felony. Davis was sentenced to death. 1992 was the year of the woman. Political history was made in California when Barbara Boxer and Dianne Feinstein were elected to the U. S Senate. It

01:32:30.590 - 01:32:51.370

was the first time any state had elected to women. Senators San Francisco also made history, electing its first female majority to the Board of Supervisors. The nineties continued to be engaging and unexpected. President Clinton's daughter, Chelsea, enrolled at Stanford. Mhm. Former governor Jerry Brown was elected

01:32:51.370 - 01:33:12.620

mayor of Oakland. Landmark military installations like Treasure Island, the Alameda Air Naval Station and the Presidio of San Francisco all became victims of government downsizing. When the military moved out, Hollywood moved in. One of the biggest boosters of San Francisco's Tinseltown image was the city's new

01:33:12.620 - 01:33:32.730

mayor, Willie Brown. The former speaker of the California Legislature was the first African American ever elected San Francisco's mayor. Mother nature seemed to give the Bay Area more than its share of troubles in the decade, from drought to fire to floods and mudslides. It was part

01:33:32.730 - 01:33:52.980

of a weather phenomenon known as El Nino, which caused an endless winter in 1997. Marin County totaled more than 91 inches of rain, and homes in Pacifica became too dangerous to inhabit and were demolished. There was another powerful force taking place in the Bay Area, a

01:33:52.980 - 01:34:14.760

new information age reality which was changing the communications universe of six billion people. It was the internet dot com revolution. The wild success of the Internet gave the world email websites, virtual communities and a Silicon Valley gold rush of million dollar salaries and billion dollar deals.

01:34:15.440 - 01:34:39.250

People have said that the Internet Silicon Valley is like the steam engine powering the new economy. That's not all true. It's like a steam roller. It is flattening every economic paradigm that this country has ever seen. San Francisco was having its own technology boom in an

01:34:39.260 - 01:35:02.650

old industrial area south of market called Media Gulch 1999. Media Gulch was home to a $2 billion industry, employing some 30,000 enterprising technocrats and pushing San Francisco into an aggressive new era of gentrification. A cyber nirvana with no end In less than a decade, the wired

01:35:02.650 - 01:35:33.340

world of the Internet became one of the great rollicking adventures of the 20th century. SAN Francisco It was the first great city in the American West. Imperial mythological, apocalyptic. For 150 years, San Francisco has pursued the destiny set up by its DNA code. It is a

01:35:33.340 - 01:36:01.650

city of flamboyance, of joie de V of entrepreneurialism, of second chances. It's a city that deep down ultimately is rested with the tragic principle and refuses finally to take itself that seriously. In its long and colorful history, San Francisco convulsed, endured, prospered from sand dunes to

01:36:01.650 - 01:36:29.370

grand avenues from shanties two skyscrapers. But the story of San Francisco has also been the story of its people, the countless builders and dreamers uncommon, imperfect, remarkable men and women who saw possibilities, wanted to make a new life and proved that anything was possible in the

01:36:29.370 - 01:38:31.620

city by the Golden Gate. Mhm! Yeah, yeah! Mm hmm. Yeah! Mhm, Yeah! Mhm Yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah! Mhm Mm hmm. Mm. And you can do anything and everything. All

01:38:31.620 - 01:38:56.350

right, right, right. Yeah. To learn more about the 1st 150 years and other moments in San Francisco's history, log on to sf gate dot com This has been a production of crime. Channel four, the news and information leader in Northern California.