00:00:01.440 - 00:00:32.850

matt locke will not be seen tonight. So that we may bring you this K. R. O. N. T. V. Special presentation stanford a sentimental journey groups of four. Mhm mm mm. Yeah Indonesia is about as far from stanford University as you can get. It's

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hot, it's wet. It's one of the most densely populated countries on earth. But travel 24 hours by plane and take a five hour drive into a volcanic mountain range and there you will find Russ. Dilts Stanford class of 74 chances are you've never heard of Russ

00:00:59.910 - 00:01:22.480

Dilts up to now. We'll be telling you more about him later. But you probably have heard of these other stanford grants. Sandra Day O'Connor class of 1950 Supreme Court Justice Bill Hewlett class of 34. 1 of the founders of Silicon Valley Jim Plunkett class of 70

00:01:22.490 - 00:01:45.300

football's comeback. King Ken Keyes class of 59 author and Outlook Sally Ride Class of 73 1st American Woman in Space. There was a time when all these folks famous and not so famous were college kids like any others. They stayed up too late. They argued with

00:01:45.300 - 00:02:45.650

their parents, they tested themselves and everyone else around me and it all happened for them. Right here in the bay area, right here at stanford University. Mhm. Yeah. Oh damn. Ah Shall we ways sign up for. Mhm. Coming along. Okay.

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Mhm 100 years ago. There was nothing here but oak trees and Meadows today. This place is filled with students and scholars. Thousands of them. When you think of other great schools like Harvard was just celebrated its 350th birthday you realize that Stanford really is the new

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kid on the block. This cornerstone was laid in 1887. That's five years before the first class graduated from here. All 37 of them. Today. This stone is surrounded by 10 million square feet of Sandstone This spring, more than 4000 students will graduate from here In just

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100 short years. This place has become a source of pride for all of us in the bay area. Tonight we celebrate stanford's first century as some of its most illustrious students and faculty take a look back at the accomplishments and the people that have made it

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great. Mhm. Stanford University is a place where miracles happen and this is one of them. Yeah. Yeah. It's just after midnight, the folks at Stanford Medical Center are about to save a life. A 24 year old mother of two is waiting for a new heart And

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by dawn she'll have one. Yeah, she's in good hands. The doctors here have been doing heart transplants longer than anyone anywhere. This is another key. Great. Uh huh. Yeah. It's all a very apparently casual. It's like a well rehearsed play. People are very friendly So that

00:05:00.880 - 00:05:20.090

nobody gets nervous or upset. Nobody throws instruments anymore. The transplant team's leader is Dr Norman Shumway who arrived at Stanford Medical Center 28 years ago. He came here from the university of Minnesota where he witnessed the first open heart surgery and decided he had a calling.

00:05:20.410 - 00:05:39.400

But to do what he wanted, he needed freedom. The great thing about stanford was that if you could think of it, you could do it. There weren't all these traditions and restrictions that I think delayed the emergency of heart transplantation in the East. Shumway and his

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team at stanford wanted to perform the first human heart transplant. But they had a problem finding donors who were legally dead under California state law and whose hearts were still in transplantable condition while the state legislature hemmed and hawed the world's attention focused on this man,

00:05:57.330 - 00:06:18.780

a south African surgeon named christian Barnard who had beaten everyone to the punch On December 3, 1967, he announced that he had performed the first human heart transplant. The accomplishment captured the public's imagination in a way that few things do one person's heart beating in another's

00:06:18.780 - 00:06:36.710

body. Some way was left reeling. Well at we we of course fully expected that we would do it first, but it really doesn't matter. They use the same methods that were developed by us in the laboratories. So actually they were just following a project that we'd

00:06:36.840 - 00:06:53.640

been working on for a long time. But it uh it was interesting in that uh Bernard learned the surgical method from Richard Lower, who was our first resident here, he was supposed to be learning how to do kidney transplants. But he went to the laboratory and

00:06:53.640 - 00:07:12.110

saw lower doing these hearts and he said, oh this is much more interesting, I believe I'll do something like this. Only one month later, stanford administrators announced that Shumway had performed his first human heart transplant surgeons all over the world jumped on the bandwagon. Soon there

00:07:12.110 - 00:07:33.190

were transplant recipients everywhere, all of them, it seemed dying some ways. Team was one of the few to continue doing research in the face of overwhelmingly dismal odds. Eventually they began to get results Today at Stanford, almost 80% of heart transplant patients survived the first year

00:07:33.370 - 00:07:53.930

and Shumway has gone on to even greater challenges. Heart lung transplants in the use of mechanical heart assist devices, screen, he works on the frontiers of science and at stanford he isn't alone take a second and think about what it would mean. If you could find

00:07:53.930 - 00:08:11.420

a single technique that could be used to cure practically all diseases. Now, that would be America, That's what Dr. Paul Berg and his colleagues in the biochemistry department have been trying to do for almost 20 years, far from the public eye. They've been trying to find

00:08:11.420 - 00:08:32.530

the keys to who we are and what we're made of in our genes, everything we are as human beings is dictated by our genes. If you believe as many of us do that virtually all human disease is genetic in origin then, the more we understand about

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how genes function, the better april we would be to understand the mechanisms of disease 1980 paul Berg and his colleagues at stanford won the Nobel prize in Chemistry for developing a way of recombining DNA splicing genes together. That technique is now used to produce hundreds of

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useful, even life saving products and is the basis for a whole new industry that may someday rival the electronics revolution. And paul Berg sees that as only the beginning. Taking a little bit of DNA from any individual, you could essentially establish a fingerprint of their genetic

00:09:09.340 - 00:09:33.470

makeup. You might even imagine that it could all be encoded on a small credit card sized card and magnetic symbols. The genetic fingerprint would carry with it a certain predictions about what that person's future might entail. Imagine knowing what the future held for you, knowing how

00:09:33.470 - 00:09:50.880

long you would live, what disease you would probably die out. Could any of us handle that kind of omni shins paul Berg is a pioneer in uncharted territory and with each new discovery he makes there are risks With the good news comes back that is the

00:09:50.890 - 00:10:16.990

unfailing law of science pigeons, throttling up 3" and 104%. Challenger go with throttle up. Don't go across. Okay, astronaut sally ride watched in horror along with the rest of us as that was brutally demonstrated in the final flight of the space shuttle. Challenger Sally ride has

00:10:16.990 - 00:10:37.660

3° in physics from Stanford, she could have spent her life in a lab somewhere monitoring radio signals from outer space. But instead she became the first american woman to go into space. Okay. I activated it at two days 20 hours 43 minutes. And it was reading

00:10:38.040 - 00:10:59.270

zero as a mission specialist on the challenger. She conducted her experiments high above the atmosphere. Here she goes. That's a shift over to the delta camera and you can see the K. U. Band antenna. They're very briefly okay we got that. Now. She describes the most

00:10:59.270 - 00:11:21.580

thrilling moment of her life And lift off lift off of STS seven and America's first woman astronaut and the shuttle has cleared the tower. It's a unique experience partly because you realize that all of a sudden the things that you've been training for for specifically for

00:11:21.580 - 00:11:35.330

the last year and generally for the last several years are just about to happen. And they've closed the hatch and there's not a lot you can do about it. So if you change your mind you're in trouble. And that culminated with just the feeling of power

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and the vibration and the noise and the excitement and the danger. Three years later this cockpit would be a ball of fire. Few scientists risk so much for the glory of discovery. But Sid Drell, one of sally's professors at stanford thinks he understands what makes it

00:11:54.600 - 00:12:12.010

all worthwhile for himself for sally for scientists everywhere. This is the most exciting adventure of the human mind. This Voyage of Discovery. What are we made of, what holds us together? How did we evolve from the moment of creation? It's a never ending quest and uh

00:12:12.020 - 00:12:45.360

it's a very fundamental way many of us would say. It's one of the great differences between us and the lesser forms of uh of animals that crawl around in the in the forests. Meet two billionaires Bill Hewlett and David Packard, two of the Founding Fathers of

00:12:45.360 - 00:13:13.590

Silicon Valley. Yeah, They met each other in the 1930s when they were both sophomores at Stanford. Bill Hewlett remembers those times like they were only yesterday and you know, I wasn't a a stellar student. I like a lot of engineers, I was interested in things that

00:13:13.600 - 00:13:38.960

I was interested in and not interesting thing that wasn't interested in. I took german and got a D plus and D got the message, Bring it on out. Those were the golden years of stanford football when both Hewlett and Packard found themselves warming the bench. That

00:13:38.960 - 00:13:55.440

was when fullback Ernie Nevers Jersey, number one was leading his team to a 22 5 and one record. That was when the legendary stanford band first took to the field when a guy named Doodles Weaver who would later go on to perform with the spike jones

00:13:55.440 - 00:14:13.620

band became the campus clown. Those were the years, the big game got really big when the stanford acts was stolen back when the stanford Berkeley rivalry that had been mounting for decades finally hit its stride. I'll tell you when the rivalry started between two women. Mrs

00:14:13.620 - 00:14:27.590

hurst mrs stanford and they really competed with each other. Each one wanted to outdo the other in a sense, you can make the argument that uh, this is one reason that both stanford and cal were so successful because they were, they were really competing with each

00:14:27.590 - 00:14:44.530

other and trying to if one did something, someone else had to do something better. But it goes back to these two women. Yes, the Stanford story got its start in the 1800s when Leland Stanford Mary Jane Lathrop and brought her to rough and ready California. It

00:14:44.530 - 00:15:05.470

took 10 years, but Leland certainly made his mark on the West. He became governor of California, then us senator and then went into the railroad business in a big way. Leland Stanford himself drove home the golden spike that completed the first transcontinental railway. For California, it

00:15:05.470 - 00:15:35.110

meant the end of frontier days has traveled to and from the east quickly became commonplace. Mhm. For the Stanfords, it met a life of extraordinary wealth. Yeah, They had beautiful homes. They had a priceless art collection. They traveled around the world and in 1868, after 18

00:15:35.110 - 00:15:56.940

years of marriage, they got the one thing they thought they'd never have a son, Leland jr mm, The Stanfords purchased an 8000 acre farm on the peninsula where the young Leland would have plenty of room to grow. He was a serious minded young man, one who

00:15:56.940 - 00:16:18.270

built his own model train and collected ancient artifacts and he was well traveled. His parents made a point of taking him along on their trips abroad. It was on one such trip. In 1884, young Leland came down with typhoid fever and died. The stanford line could

00:16:18.270 - 00:16:49.640

have ended there, but the Stanfords decided they would instead make, as Leland put it all the Children of California, their Children, they decided to build a university, a great university open to everyone. A living memorial to Leland JR Three years later, the cornerstone of Leland stanford

00:16:49.640 - 00:17:07.690

Junior University was laid on the side of the stanford's Palo Alto farm. The Stanfords had decided against the stuffy kind of education they had seen while visiting ivy League schools in the east. Instead said stanford, they wanted to produce young men and women who could cope

00:17:07.690 - 00:17:31.000

with the practicalities of life in the west. Mhm. A half century later, that theory had been put into practice nowhere better than in the classrooms of Frederick Terman who taught Bill Hewlett and David Packard electrical engineering. He had a feeling that anyone who took his course

00:17:31.270 - 00:17:46.360

ought to be able to go in business. That's right. So he was the person kind of talk to some of the fact that maybe we ought to try going business together. But that was 1934. It wasn't a very good time to start out in business. Silicon

00:17:46.360 - 00:18:04.100

Valley started with Frederick Terman. What he did for Hewlett and Packard. He did for dozens of other students. Terman was no stranger to Stanford when he began teaching there in the early 30s, he had grown up right on campus. His father was Lewis Terman, a stanford

00:18:04.100 - 00:18:20.640

psychology professor who is best known for his development of the stanford Binet intelligence quotient known to all of us today as I like you Frederick Terman wasn't going to let two bright young students like Hewlett and Packard slipped through his fingers even if it was the

00:18:20.640 - 00:18:38.430

middle of the depression. So he made it possible for them to start their own company in 1939 with the sale of an audio oscillator Hewlett had built in class. It was that audio device marketed out of this garage in Palo alto that made possible the lush

00:18:38.430 - 00:19:00.750

sound of walt. Disney's Fantasia. Mm hmm. Mhm With $526 in their pockets. Hewlett and Packard were in business. We did everything we could to bring in money. You know, we've signed a foul line indicator for bullying. A shocking machine to make people lose weight, clock drive

00:19:00.750 - 00:19:22.340

for a telescope. Uh, anything like that would bring in some money. Meanwhile at labs in stanford and around the country. The groundwork was being laid for a whole new industry, 1956 William Shockley. Then teaching at Stanford won the Nobel Prize as co inventor of the transistor,

00:19:22.630 - 00:19:44.540

a predecessor of the Silicon Chip Shockley and his proteges at stanford turn that invention into a goldmine, spawning dozens of companies giving birth to the computer industry. And it was Frederick Terman who kept the computer and other high tech industries close to stanford at the stanford

00:19:44.550 - 00:20:00.840

industrial Park, A complex that would one day become the heart of Silicon Valley and all of it happening here where 50 years before there were empty, meadows. I was going to fly kites with my kids up in this hill here, you know, wind came over the

00:20:00.840 - 00:20:31.340

hill like that. It was just a big field out here. Mhm. A matter of fact, I remember coming down when I was in college, coming down this hill and trying to see how fast I got my car to go. Mhm, mm jane and

00:20:31.340 - 00:20:53.180

Leland stanford never went to college. So when they sat down to decide who should attend their university, they had some curious ideas. They wanted two things stanford would be open to everyone regardless of background and there would be no tuition. Well, some things do change. Oh

00:20:53.180 - 00:21:11.250

and there was just one other thing, the last thing Jane Stanford wanted was to remember her son with a girls school, so she set a limit on the number of women who could be admitted to Stanford 500, she said was more than enough by the 19

00:21:11.250 - 00:21:25.970

forties when young Sandra Day was trying to get into stanford. That quota had long been a thing of the past. Lucky for her Sandra day had wanted to go to only one school all her life. It was the school her rancher father hadn't been able to

00:21:25.970 - 00:21:48.230

attend himself. I start at Stanford when I was quite young actually, I was 16 when I entered Stanford and I came from a public school background in el paso texas. As a matter of fact, my high school neglected to tell me when the college entrance exams

00:21:48.230 - 00:22:11.120

were being given and the only university I ever wanted to attend was stanford and I was heartbroken to discover that I'd missed the entrance exam, stanford admitted me provisionally with the understanding that I would take the examination later and that's what happened when I arrived. It

00:22:11.120 - 00:22:32.730

was really a new world to me. I was terrified. I think the first quarter I had to decide what courses to study, what friends um, I should make, how I should conduct my personal relations, all the things that one learns as one grows up and these

00:22:32.730 - 00:22:50.930

things happen very quickly when you go off to a university or a college, Sandra day went straight to the top of her class first as an economics major. Then as a law student, she shared the limelight with another promising student, William Rehnquist, who she remembers driving

00:22:50.930 - 00:23:07.920

a studebaker held together with chewing gum along with the rest of her classmates, Sandra Day O'Connor hit the pavement shortly after graduation in search of her first job with a law firm. Unlike her male classmates. The best she could do was a position as a legal

00:23:07.920 - 00:23:28.400

secretary. So much for being at the top of the class. It would take 30 years. But Sandra Day O'Connor would finally show the world the stuff she was made of. When in 1981, she was appointed to the United States Supreme Court. Mrs stanford, for all her

00:23:28.400 - 00:23:52.550

quotas would have approved, mm hmm. She might look rich and spoiled, but mrs stanford was as iron willed as they come. Her husband died shortly after stanford University opened and it was up to jane to keep it going. No easy matter because Leland's estate was tied

00:23:52.550 - 00:24:09.350

up in probate for six years. During that time, Mrs stanford was forced to sell many of her jewels just to keep the university going. At one point, she had to declare the faculty her personal servants so that she could pay them out of her household allowance.

00:24:09.940 - 00:24:41.430

She died in 1905. A happy woman. The campus had grown and prospered under her guidance. She was spared the sight of the devastation that would soon follow. Mhm. It took seven years to rebuild after the 1906 earthquake at Stanford University would survive that and much more

00:24:41.730 - 00:25:14.690

financial troubles. Two world wars, the depression survive at all and grow tenfold Jane wouldn't have recognized the Stanford of the 1950s. The good times were rolling and Stanford students were enjoying them along with everyone else. That was the heyday of the greek system. When girls like

00:25:14.700 - 00:25:34.570

Diane Goldman, known to all of us today as Dianne Feinstein, were elected House queen. Those were the years when students like yell leader, Bill Kart Ocean could run for every student body elected office, including women's crew captain and win The 50s were the years when adventurers

00:25:34.570 - 00:25:52.650

students found their way to San Francisco's North Beach where Allen Ginsberg and Lawrence Ferlinghetti were hanging out. One student making the pilgrimage. North was an economics major named Dave Guard. But Dave wasn't satisfied with his spot in the audience. He got two fellow students to join

00:25:52.650 - 00:26:17.840

him in what he hoped would be a profitable enterprise. Mhm I remember grandfather telling me that I was born. The sun was coming up early in the morning. The group called themselves the Kingston Trio and their goal was to make a half a million dollars each

00:26:17.840 - 00:26:43.340

and then retire on the way they would popularize a whole new genre of protest music. The Kingston trio was organized on a business level. Three guys in the group were business oriented people. So we're learning our music and our business at the same time. Yeah, I

00:26:43.340 - 00:26:56.220

actually went to the business school after I graduated for a little while. But it turned out that it was just a way of getting the band together during that time, stanford so nutritious and benevolent. They let you find your own way, I think is what I

00:26:56.220 - 00:27:13.900

liked about it in that respect. They didn't push you into any mold whatsoever. They assumed that you were already okay by the time you got started and just want to let your destiny unfold as it were. The stanford students got us into the Purple indian. They

00:27:13.900 - 00:27:27.500

wanted just somebody to fill in for a week. So we sent postcards, all our pals around the bay area in particular. Many, many, many stanford kids. So we packed out that week and they all, who didn't hollered when we came on stage. So then a few

00:27:27.500 - 00:27:47.220

months later they started us off as the headliners at the club on the basis of this fantastic showing what that we've made later, we played 23 and four people at a time. You know, the head tongue to leave. Mm Dave guard might not be a typical

00:27:47.220 - 00:28:06.560

example of a stanford business school success story. Even in those days, the biz school was world renowned for turning out people like Sam Armacost who would one day be president of Bank of America and construction mogul Stephen Bechtel. Well, I'm here in the car. Oh, what

00:28:07.040 - 00:28:24.920

I do, where we're eight now, mhm nope. Dave Guard wasn't your typical stanford student entrepreneur or was it I was on the football chain at Menlo school, which is very near stanford. We're therefore got to be ushers at the big game. So I went to the

00:28:24.920 - 00:28:41.550

1951 big game and uh then stanford went to the Rose Bowl right there was a really terrific team. They lost that game. But I was ushering on the university of California side. That's just where they assigned me. There were foreign students, they're wearing steel gray matching

00:28:41.560 - 00:28:56.000

top and bottom. Bus driver looking uniforms with slide rules on their hips. I thought very interesting. I'm just going to see what's going on with the Stanford sighed over at halftime and moved over there here in 75° weather where ladies with blonde hair wearing fur coats

00:28:56.000 - 00:29:12.770

sweltering away. I thought I want to go to Stanford. Dave guard wasn't the only potential students swayed by the allure of stanford football. At least one other young man thought what he saw on the field was reason enough to go to stanford. When I was in

00:29:12.770 - 00:29:29.740

5th grade we took a field trip and we saw stanford play Oregon state and just get their butt kicked. And that kind of stuck in my mind over all those years. And then in 1962 I saw the Rose Bowl with Wisconsin and S. C. And it

00:29:29.740 - 00:29:44.870

was a heck of a game. I was one of the most exciting games I've ever seen in my life and all of a sudden I wanted to play in that particular bowl game uh in that particular bowl and I wanted to A 10 Stanford and help

00:29:44.870 - 00:30:01.530

them get there and help them win. Jim Plunkett did just that, but not without a struggle. He was the son of two blind parents who had trouble enough just making ends meet his problems didn't end when he got into stanford played very little as a freshman,

00:30:01.530 - 00:30:14.350

got red shirted as a sophomore. So I hadn't had much playing time. I was thoroughly depressed and I wanted to get out of stanford especially when they said they were gonna move me from quarterback to a defensive end position. No way. Either give me another chance

00:30:14.350 - 00:30:37.410

or I'm leaving. Yeah, 1971. Jim Plunkett got another chance. Not only did he take the Stanford Indians to the Rose Bowl, he helped them win the game, the first Rose Bowl victory for Stanford since 1941. That year, he became the first and only stanford player to

00:30:37.410 - 00:30:53.370

take home the Heisman trophy. The future had never looked better for Jim but things were never to come easy for After 10 losing years. He finally got his chance to shine. Taking the Oakland Raiders all the way to the Super Bowl in a straight drop back.

00:30:53.370 - 00:31:23.580

Here comes the rush. Can't. Where's on. Okay. Right, hold up. Yeah. Mhm. Said all right. Mhm. Today at 39 Jim Plunkett is still playing for the Raiders. He's the oldest player in the NFL. His name is a household word and he and his family will never

00:31:23.580 - 00:31:41.100

need to worry about stretching a dollar. But 20 years ago when Jim Plunkett was attending Stanford the security he now has was a distant dream at the time. Jim Plunkett was one of only a handful of mexican american students at stanford, I suppose that the baby

00:31:41.100 - 00:32:03.560

spreading rate changes from five for many of those students. Indeed, for many students here, regardless of color, getting into stanford was and is more than one kids triumph. It can be the realization of an entire family's dreams. It can mean beating the odds. I wanted to

00:32:03.570 - 00:32:17.380

not be in the same situation. My family was, I didn't want to be a mechanic or pump gas or anything like that. I wanted to help my parents out first and foremost, so I had to look for a school that was gonna help me do that

00:32:17.390 - 00:32:57.110

in stanford, of course was one of them and they won in the end. Mr Yeah. Mhm. Yeah, yeah. Leland stanford was a man who loved a good horse race. He even raised his own trotters, many of them champions on the farm in

00:32:57.110 - 00:33:21.550

Palo Alto. On the matter of Horseflesh, he considered himself an expert As legend, has it? In 1872, he went so far as to wager, $25,000 that he was right about the way a horse ran. As the story goes, a local newspaper owner, Bet stanford the trotting

00:33:21.550 - 00:33:40.350

horse always had one ft touching the ground. But Leland knew better than that. And he hired photographer Edward. My bridge to prove that at some point in a horse's stride all four hooves were off the ground. My hybrid set up a gauntlet of 24 cameras through

00:33:40.350 - 00:34:11.270

which he ran Stanford's thoroughbreds. Mhm. Okay. Mhm. Okay, sure enough. Leland was right at mid stride. All four hooves of the horses were off the ground. He made his point and in the process helped my bridge lay the foundations of motion picture photography. 80 years later,

00:34:11.280 - 00:34:41.350

a bed of another kind was made just a half mile from the old red barn where stanford kept his breed mayors. It was the 1950s and the Cold War was at its chilliest Sputnik had been launched and the U. S. Was scrambling to catch up with

00:34:41.350 - 00:35:02.160

the Russians in space and on the ground. Federal research money was pouring into universities at a time when enrollments were higher than they had ever been. It was in this atmosphere that a group of stanford physicist met at the home of this man, Professor Pif Janowski.

00:35:02.280 - 00:35:25.330

Together they made a wager that would dwarf Leland stanford's. They were gambling with the university's most valuable resource, its land. They wanted to take 480 acres of Prime Hillside and build what they called a monster. Their goal was to find out if protons, electrons and neutrons

00:35:25.330 - 00:35:45.580

were really the building blocks of matter or whether inside those particles, for example, inside protons, there were even smaller particles called quarks. To find out. For sure whether those smaller bits existed. You needed a machine that could hurl subatomic bullets at a tiny target with incredible

00:35:45.580 - 00:36:15.060

speed and accuracy. You needed a building two miles long that cost $114 million dollars to build. And even then you might not get your answer. Mhm Yeah, It took 10 years. But in 1966 the monster roared to life. Uh huh. And the adam began revealing its

00:36:15.060 - 00:36:33.470

secrets. We observed that the inside of the proton wasn't like jelly, but was like jam with seeds, were able to find the seeds and we did that by being able to have such hard collisions that when the electron hit the proton it would bounce back because

00:36:33.470 - 00:36:49.910

it ran into a hard seed, just like the cue ball on a pool table when you have the break shot. And so we were able to see that there were these seeds in there and these were direct evidence is provided direct evidence for quirks. The things

00:36:49.910 - 00:37:09.720

we now believe are the elementary Particles which three time together make up a proton. The smaller the particles and distances explored. The bigger and more powerful, the monster had to be additional facilities were added onto the two mile long linear accelerator in the seventies. One of

00:37:09.720 - 00:37:26.530

them designed by this man Burt Richter would prove to be the biggest bargain in physics. It would make possible a discovery that would bring Richter and his team, the Nobel Prize for the discovery of the J sai particle. One of the tiniest building blocks of matter.

00:37:26.910 - 00:37:46.830

One of four quarts, scientists have been able to identify today. Thousands of scientists from all over the world come to stanford to use the accelerator. There are still only two others like it in the western world. Its makers have never stopped pushing to make slack bigger

00:37:46.830 - 00:38:05.410

and even more powerful Today. The same men who gambled so much on slack 30 years ago are lobbying to build a 52 mile long accelerator that will cost in excess of $4.5 billion. The project has powerful opponents. But in the long run Seadrill thinks that the

00:38:05.410 - 00:38:20.040

quest for knowledge will win out in no small measure to the backing of major universities like stanford. They were willing to gamble, not knowing what will come out. Just being willing to bet that if you have a good idea and you get good people and you

00:38:20.040 - 00:38:47.470

back them strongly, Something good will happen. But that is the idea of learning and have a great university. Yeah. Eddins, Marcia diets land on paint the roads, count nights, land. By the mid 1930s, Hitler and Mussolini were sending us messages loud and clear, but most of

00:38:47.470 - 00:39:08.340

us weren't listening. I haven't the slightest idea of european affairs. Still one stanford student was and he decided he had to do something about it, 1932, Alan Cranston was just a rich kid from Los Altos who was having trouble getting into Stanford. I'd grown up in

00:39:08.340 - 00:39:25.020

the shadow of Stanford. I went to promote the first, frankly, because my grades in high school weren't good enough to get me into Stanford and then I transferred as soon as I could. Alan Cranston finally made it into stanford and majored in english. After graduation, he

00:39:25.020 - 00:39:47.390

got a job as a foreign correspondent in europe. I asked what he saw there, horrified him, upset by America's indifference. Cranston decided he had to act out of his own pocket. Cranston and a friend translated Hitler's manifesto mein kampf into english and printed up a half

00:39:47.400 - 00:40:08.480

million copies to warn americans of the dangers of isolationism. Hitler sued young Cranston's trying to stop the publication, but it was too late. By then, 500,000 copies were already on the street. It was a daring act for a young man, but his deep concern had been

00:40:08.480 - 00:40:24.890

brewing since his years at stanford. Well, we had long long bull sessions on practically every topic you can think of, but a great deal of it would center around what was happening to the economy in the United States. Why the Depression were we going to work

00:40:24.890 - 00:40:44.980

our way out of it. What did that mean for our opportunities? And then we were looking at the world in turmoil with Hitler and Mussolini and the japanese marauding those discussions had a lot to do with my own involvement in my life in efforts to create

00:40:44.980 - 00:41:14.740

a more peaceful world. Mhm yeah, Kasama here and the time is rifle rising in the people. 30 years later, students again showed their passionate belief in their responsibilities as citizens. When most of us think back to those protest years, we remember Berkeley who could forget it

00:41:16.010 - 00:41:39.140

Well, beatniks, radicals and filthy speech advocates have brought shame on a great university. Ronald. Regan has decided to associate himself with the free speech movement here at Berkeley and I'm here to try to dig it $3. How about it gets in these United States for you.

00:41:41.310 - 00:42:05.350

But stanford had its own share of campus turmoil. On the surface, stanford seemed well more polite about the whole thing, but like campuses everywhere at the time, stanford had its values challenged its population split by opposing furies. We need to make a statement about the complicity

00:42:05.350 - 00:42:22.860

of this university in the sorts of things that are going on in southeast Asia. A university basking in years of a faction was suddenly under attack and many at stanford were appalled. We're sick and tired of being pushed around by these so called free speech people

00:42:22.860 - 00:42:39.950

here. They're not for free speech whatsoever there for our key during these early years of protest. The student body president was David Harris, a former Fresno boy of the year who says he took the lessons in his Western civilization class very seriously, there was enormous intellectual

00:42:39.950 - 00:42:56.270

interest in uh, in uh, what are the responsibilities of a human being in a situation like Nazi Germany, which is to say that nobody is freed of their responsibilities as human beings simply because their government says they ought to do this or that policy in the

00:42:56.270 - 00:43:13.970

nation is this. And we took those lessons quite seriously. And suddenly, as we began to notice the, the war that was going on in Vietnam. And as that war began to escalate and we began to inform ourselves about it, it was obvious that the question facing

00:43:13.970 - 00:43:30.140

us was not, what do you do about the Germans? But what do you do if you're a german And what do you do if you're inside that machine? And you know, I felt a moral obligation about that to David Harris. The machine was Vietnam and the

00:43:30.150 - 00:43:54.420

draft and he became a national leader in the war resistance demonstration. Everybody remember that were peaceful demonstrations to David Harris. Having the courage of his convictions met burning his draft card and going to federal prison for two years or were abound in jail while his wife,

00:43:54.420 - 00:44:13.950

Singer Joan baez kept the cause alive on the outside. I said enough talks cheap talks cheap from the left. It's cheap from the right. It's cheap from any political position. We weren't just talking, we were out there, We were prepared to sacrifice five years of our

00:44:13.950 - 00:44:39.360

lives if it came to that to try and stop this policy. And I think that that affected people in ways that simply talk would not don't you want somebody, don't you need somebody. The 60s people were breaking the rules and breaking free. And the bay Area

00:44:39.360 - 00:44:58.990

was center stage for it all. And onto that stage strode an adventurer named ken Keys as a creative writing fellow at stanford. In the mid sixties, ken Casey wrote his classic novel, One flew over the cuckoo's nest. During those years, Keesey signed up as a subject

00:44:58.990 - 00:45:15.390

in some experiments at Menlo Park Sva Hospital. Researchers paid him and dozens of other students $25 per experiment and gave them doses of a newly discovered drug, L. S. D. And we never thought of it as drugs. We were doing something for the government. We were

00:45:15.400 - 00:45:34.110

helping the government learned something about how to make people healthy and sane. Um, We were the Kadre of psychedelic rangers and didn't even know it at the time. We were being trained. And then at a certain point it's as though I've always thought of it like

00:45:34.110 - 00:45:42.150

this. And they're saying, hey, we found this room over here and we want some of your students to go over there and go down in that room and tell us what it's like. We came back out of that room and they said, hey, don't let those

00:45:42.150 - 00:46:03.010

students back in that room. This, it's good, we've done Casey, went back into that room again and again and he took with him a band of stanford students and faculty who called themselves the merry pranksters. They were a traveling circus with no real destination other than

00:46:03.010 - 00:46:20.550

going further than anyone ever had. They wanted to shake people up and see what broke free. You can build up a kind of tartar of lies over your mind until there's nothing short of going to a dentist and have all that stuff scraped off all of

00:46:20.550 - 00:46:46.160

the action that was going on During the 60s. All the good action was based on this. The 80s CIA, Strangely Sober Ken Keyes. He settled down on his ranch in Oregon and the only time he sees life on the road is on book Tours, but when

00:46:46.160 - 00:47:02.320

you look closely you can still see the spark that set so many a fire in the 60s, Casey says stanford's never been quite sure where to place him in their history and ever could tell for sure if I was a feather in their cap or a

00:47:02.320 - 00:47:27.850

black eye. I don't think they figured it out yet. You mhm. Yeah. He claimed to be the very first Stanford student having camped out in Encino Hall before classes even began in the fall of 1891. He was orphaned before the age of nine and his parents

00:47:27.850 - 00:47:44.190

left him about $800. That was all he needed to get his start. He opened a laundry business on campus and always had a scheme up his sleeve during a little extra cash. Herbert hoover even at that young age was a go getter. He was also an

00:47:44.190 - 00:48:04.370

avid geologist who parlayed his degree at stanford into a successful career overseas first as a mining engineer, then organizing relief efforts following World War One. After his world travels hoover settled down to a home he built on the stanford campus and it was there in 1928

00:48:04.560 - 00:48:22.650

that john Philip Sousa and his band serenaded hoover on the night he was elected U. S. President. Over his years of traveling Hoover collected reams and reams of archival materials. Everything from a first edition copy of the communist manifesto to the diary of Nazi leader Heinrich

00:48:22.650 - 00:48:41.970

Himmler, he decided to build a library to house his collection. A tower on the stanford campus for miles around. You can see it tall tranquil in many minds, Hoover tower has become the symbol of stanford, but in fact it's at the center of a raging controversy

00:48:41.980 - 00:49:00.760

over the roles and responsibilities of a university. There are some on cameras who would say that the most important purpose of university like stanford in times like today, is to provide a forum for the open exchange of ideas sometimes that means the expression of unpopular ideas

00:49:00.790 - 00:49:20.250

like those of William. Shockley, co inventor of the transistor, Who in the late 70s announced his belief that some races were genetically inferior to others on the same campus where you'll find shocking, you'll also find english professor Ron rebels a vocal supporter of a movement to

00:49:20.250 - 00:49:38.840

divest the university of investments in companies that do business in South Africa on the same campus where you'll find students handing out Marxist literature, you'll find the Hoover institute which has over the years become a conservative think tank with strong ties to the Reagan administration At

00:49:38.840 - 00:49:58.240

Stanford. You'll find professors and students taking a stand on every conceivable issue, not just on campus but on the global stage. People like physicist Sid Drell who's been actively campaigning for arms control for more than 20 years. And professors like chemist Carl Djerassi, inventor of the

00:49:58.240 - 00:50:17.050

birth control pill, who's the founder of zero population growth and an outspoken critic of the U. S. Government's position on birth control, the world State a position and somewhere on campus you can find someone who disagrees with you. What everyone can agree on is that a

00:50:17.050 - 00:50:32.940

university should be a place where scholars can study the lessons of history, The Great Man theory of history. I think just doesn't hold a lot of water because there's always people who have a lot of charisma around it go into into black baptist churches and you'll

00:50:32.940 - 00:50:50.900

find a great deal of charisma, People who can speak as well as martin Luther King. The work being done by this man. Professor Clayborne Carson is a good example 1986, Coretta King presented him with the papers of her late husband, Martin Luther King, one of the

00:50:50.900 - 00:51:10.840

most important collections in the history of the civil rights movement at stanford. Carson will have the time and the space and the support to preserve and study this irreplaceable bit of our history. Well to join hands and sing in the way of the old negro. Spiritual

00:51:10.850 - 00:51:37.550

free at last. Free thank problem. The elevation at the top of the charisma and the elevation of the top of the marine terraces. And finally, when it comes to what a university is, there's the obvious what it does for students in a word, educating them. Yeah,

00:51:42.660 - 00:51:57.780

of course not everyone who comes through, stanford goes on to become a best selling author or a Supreme Court justice. Most of the thousands who graduate from here don't end up making the headlines, but in their own way in their own worlds, they do make a

00:51:57.780 - 00:52:42.680

difference. Go anywhere to the ends of the earth and you'll find, Yeah, mm hmm. The highlands of central java. Yeah, three bone crunching hours from the nearest city Russ. Dilts class of 74 is on his way to work.

00:52:46.150 - 00:53:02.980

Russ grew up in Augusta Georgia, never really thinking about what he'd be when he grew up. And then he got into Stanford and the doors started opening. That would lead to Indonesia now at 33, he's lived all over the world. But he remembers his first trip

00:53:02.990 - 00:53:18.810

to Stanford as being as dramatic as any movies ever made. It's at least as much of a cultural shock to go from Georgia to Palo alto California and maybe a worst shock. And it is the state's people speak the same languages and things are very, very

00:53:18.810 - 00:53:30.890

different populations. I didn't know what a preppy was before I went to stanford. That was quite, quite interesting. I was always thought of myself as being a pretty middle class kid and suddenly there was picked up as being working class hero. I had worked on truck

00:53:30.890 - 00:53:49.760

docks and I had union cards and other things, which was pretty normal for the south. It was not too normal for the stanford community as far away as stanford might have seemed from Augusta Georgia, Rust still had a long ways to go. He changed his major

00:53:49.760 - 00:54:12.600

from engineering to political science. He went to europe into Alaska. And finally, he joined a program sponsored by stanford called Volunteers in Asia, Which brought into Indonesia in 1974. Mm hmm. When Russ first arrived in Indonesia, he lived in a remote village where he was one

00:54:12.600 - 00:54:42.840

of only a handful of Westerners. His first job was teaching English to a class of 300 Indonesians as foreign as it all may have seemed back then today, 13 years later, he's made this place, his home now Rust spends most of his time training village leaders

00:54:42.840 - 00:55:05.210

to organize their own communities, bringing electricity and clean water and good education and opportunity into their homes. They weren't given a chance. They were often convinced by outsiders that they were dumb, that they needed help and that they should be thankful. The help they got. The

00:55:05.210 - 00:55:25.760

main point was that they planned it, they built the thing they rejected outside assistance. They got only minor technical assistance. It's theirs. No, Today the village of Sikora Juno is putting up six of these £900 piers, piers that will someday carry electrical wires into the village.

00:55:26.440 - 00:55:48.690

The job will take 15 men and a half dozen bamboo poles. Hello Russ isn't an engineer or an architect. What he has is something far more valuable than technical expertise. It's something that translates into any language, an infectious self confidence that he can trace right back

00:55:48.690 - 00:56:07.960

to his years at stanford. They provided me opportunities, they encourage me, they taught me how to use those opportunities. They let me go. It's the classic speech to the incoming class of the function of our university is to open your eyes to the world. And I

00:56:08.630 - 00:56:44.800

I guess they were serious and I took them seriously. You're right, mm. Yeah. Yeah. Yeah. Mhm. Oh pretty. We've talked about some incredible accomplishments in the last hour. The splitting of the atom, the breaking of the D. N. A cooler, the pioneering of outer space. But

00:56:44.800 - 00:57:07.010

none of those things is as extraordinary as what can happen in a single young mind, a mind open to new ideas, new ways of seeing the world, new ways of approaching old problems to keep that spark of curiosity and inventiveness. A lot young people need a

00:57:07.010 - 00:57:28.340

place where it's safe to speak their mind, make mistakes, take risks, a place like stanford in a place like that. Young people learn lessons that will guide them for the rest of their lives. So here's to stanford for keeping so many minds young. I'm jerry Graham.

00:57:28.730 - 00:58:25.160

Good night. Ready. Yes, go. Yeah. Yeah. Yeah. Mm hmm. Yeah. Mhm. Yeah. Better. Mhm. Yeah.